TB 90 FIRE BURNS Flashcards
TB 90 FIRE BURNS
Steam can cause full thickness burns to unprotected skin with less than ___ seconds exposure.
3
TB 90 FIRE BURNS
Tests indicate that exposure to temperatures of only ___ - ___ F will cause extreme pain and severe, full thickness burns to all unprotected skin.
280-320
TB 90 FIRE BURNS
Second Degree Burns can occur with exposure to only ___ degrees.
Second Degree Burns can occur within 20 seconds of exposure to ___ degrees.
Second Degree Burns can occur within one second of exposure to ___ degrees.
Steam burns develop faster and are more severe than dry heat burns at the same temperature, due to latent heat transfer.
111
131
158
TB 90 FIRE BURNS
Direct flame impingement is the most severe type of exposure.
REFERNCE
TB 90 FIRE BURNS
A Firefighter caught in a flashover, just five feet inside a room, will be exposed to temperatures of 1,000 to 1,500F, and direct flame impingement for at least 2 seconds.
REFERNCE
TB 90 FIRE BURNS
A BTU is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water one degree fahrenheit.
REFERNCE
TB 90 FIRE BURNS
Heat is transferred in three different ways:
- _______ - is when heat energy is transmitted similar to light waves. Radiant heat energy emanates equally in all directions, in straight lines.
- _______ - is the transmission, spread, or distribution of heat through the motion of a heated fluid. Convection will cause a heated fluid to become buoyant and rise. It is the primary heat transfer method within structures and is responsible for the majority of fire and smoke spread within structures.
________ - is the transfer of heat through matter without any visible motion of that matter. This is the only method of heat transfer through solid objects.
Radiation
Convection
Conduction
TB 90 FIRE BURNS
There are three stages in the development of an interior fire:
- Growth Stage
- Fully Developed Stage
- Decay Stage
REFERNCE
TB 90 FIRE BURNS
Increasing use of synthetic furnishings that when ignited burn two to three times hotter and faster than ordinary combustibles
REFERNCE
TB 90 FIRE BURNS
Backdraft
Oxygen content must fall to between ___% and ____%. Explosive products of combustion are ___ to ___F and higher, well above their ignition temperature.
11% and 15%
1,000F to 1,800
TB 90 FIRE BURNS
There are four construction features that present the greatest danger to Firefighters from collapse:
- Any type of truss construction
- Unreinforced masonry construction
- Any cantilever construction
- Unprotected steel construction
TB 90 FIRE BURNS
Flame over
Is the third flash phenomenon encountered by Firefighters. It usually occurs after flashover and is defined as rapid flame spread over one or more surfaces during a fire.
Once a room or area has flashed over and flames spread out of the original fire area, Firefighters on hose lines or conducting search operations in a hallway or corridor leading to the involved unit may be encircled and trapped by flame over.
Roll over
Is a sudden sporadic generation of flame mixed with smoke at the upper ceiling level just before flashover occurs. It is the last warning for Firefighters to withdraw from the area, if charged lines are not in place and operating effectively.
Flashover
Sudden full room or area involvement in flame, or the sudden auto ignition of combustible surfaces and/or gases in an area heated by convection and/or radiation, resulting in a sudden and intense rise in temperature.
reference
TB 90 FIRE BURNS
These warning signs may not be apparent in buildings with large unenclosed floor or attic spaces and ceilings ___ to ____feet above the floor or joist level.
12 to 20
TB 90 FIRE BURNS
Increasing use of synthetic furnishings that when ignited burn ___ to ___ times hotter and faster than ordinary combustibles making the time temperature curve look more like a spike
two to three
