Synaptic Transmission Flashcards
How does the mechanism of sodium channel blockers in local anaesthetics work?
They block sodium ions and so nerve transmission is automatically blocked too.
What processes occur upon calcium entering?
- Docking
- Fusion
- Exocytosis
How does botox remove wrinkles?
Botox degrades v-snare proteins and therefore, stops calcium dependent transmission.
What are the two types of snares?
V - snare and T - snare.
What binds to the t - snare?
Synaptobrevin binds to the t - snare and therefore, brings the t - snare closer to the v-snare.
What binds to the v - snare?
Synaptotagmin binds to the v-snare and therefore, brings the phospholipids closer as it has a HIGH AFFINITY.
Brings the two snares together.
What is formed when the two snares come together?
A snare pin is formed when the two snares attach.
What does the vesicles contain?
It contains synaptotagmin and synaptobrevin within the vesicles.
Explain the overall summary of ca - dependent release.
Calcium binds to lobe of synaptotagmin.
Increases the affinity for phospholipids.
Binding causes increased membrane curvature.
There is FORCED interaction of t and v snare.
Vesicle fusion with membrane occurs.
What are cholinergic neurones required for?
These are needed for breathing.
What is the point of acetyl choline esterase?
This is an enzyme which breaks down acetyl choline and ensures the responses are very brief.
How does the response in neostigmine differ?
These responses (compared to acetyl choline) are far longer.
Give some examples of cholinergic neurones used in drug modulation for research purposes.
- Hemicholinium
- Vesamicol
- Toxins
Give some examples of cholinergic neurones used in drug modulation for clinical purposes.
- Edrophonium
- Dyflos
- Parathion
- Ectothiophate
What is the pre - cursor for noradrenaline?
Tyrosine.
