Mitochondria and Peroxisomes Flashcards
What is the function of the mitochondria?
It is known as the powerhouse of the cell.
Energy production from the oxidation of glucose substances / release ATP / Apoptosis / Thermogenesis.
What does the F0 and F1 section of the mitochondria represent?
Represents the ATPase enzyme.
Why does mitochondria have microtubules?
Aids diffusion of substances.
What is a key feature that allows mitochondria to change shape and size?
Plasticity.
During which processes does mitochondrial morphology changes occur?
Apoptosis
Ca2+ transfer
Cell Cycle
Nutrient Starvation
What is the genome of mitochondria like?
Mitochondrial chromosome is circular and NOT enveloped. I is also not packaged into chromatin.
Where is the genome of the mitochondria usually found?
Usually present in the matrix.
Where is mtDNA normally found?
Hair
Bones
Teeth
Who is mitochondrial genes inherited from?
The mother’s side.
Therefore, if the mum has a mutation in the mitochondrial DNA the mutation is passed onto the child.
What is the size of the small mitochondrial ribosome?
28S
What is the size of the large mitochondrial ribosome?
39S
What is the purpose of the mitochondria during ATP production?
Produces ATP via the usage of oxygen and energy stored in the food.
What does the breakdown of fatty acids by the mitochondria result in?
Produces acetyl CoA.
Where does mitochondria localise?
Near sites of high ATP utilisation and demand.
What are the main causes of mitochondrial disease?
Defects of mitochondrial DNA and mitochondrial translation.
Explain what the Leigh Syndrome is.
This is a neurometabolic disorder which affects the CNS.
Why does Leigh Syndrome occur?
Mutation in the MT - ATP6 gene - this encodes for the ATP synthase.
What is a peroxisomes?
Ubiquitous single - membrane bound organelles.
What does ubiquitous mean?
Appears everywhere.
What does peroxisomes NOT contain?
DNA or Ribosomes.
What does peroxisomes CONTAIN?
Contains digestive enzymes which use molecular oxygen to OXIDISE various substrates.
Where are peroxisomal proteins normally found?
Encoded within the nucleus / translated in the cytoplasm and then imported.
How does peroxisomes replicate?
Self - replicating via the process of fission.
What does the process of fission allow?
Splits the peroxisome to split into 2 daughter cells.
