Autonomic Nervous System I

Question 1

What type of action does the autonomic nervous system do?

Answer 1

Involuntary action which is unconscious is carried out.
For example =
Cardiac output must increase.
Blood diverting to skeletal muscle
Peripheral vasodilation to allow heat loss.
Metabolism in order to allow glucose to be released.

Question 2

Name some examples of any actions carried out by thee autonomic nervous system?

Answer 2

Changes the diameter of the blood vessels
Can affect the airway size
Sweating
Metabolism (sugar balance) 
Movement of the body

Question 3

What is the term used to describe autonomic simulation or autonomic denervation?

Answer 3

Autonomic Modulation.

Question 4

What is the connection in the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 4

Connection between the central nervous system and peripheral organs.

Question 5

How is the ANS a two neurone system?

Answer 5

There is a gap in-between the 2 nerves and this gap is known as a ganglion.

Question 6

What are the 2 nervous systems?

Answer 6

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic.

Question 7

Which receptors does acetylcholine bind to?

Answer 7

Nicotinic Receptors.

Question 8

What is the action which occurs when a nicotinic receptor is activated?

Answer 8

The electrical transmission goes to the POST - ganglion nerve and then the action is carried out.

Question 9

What is the parasympathetic pre ganglion and the post ganglion?

Answer 9

Acetylcholine and Acetylcholine.

Question 10

Where is the parasympathetic nerve found?

Answer 10

Salivary Gland
GI tract
Heart
Acid Cells

Question 11

Where is the sympathetic nerve found?

Answer 11

Arteries
Sweat Gland
Adrenal Gland
Heart

Question 12

In the arteries and the heart, where is the sympathetic pre ganglion and post ganglion fibre?

Answer 12

Acetylcholine to Noradrenaline.

Question 13

In the sweat gland, where is the sympathetic pre ganglion and post ganglion fibre?

Answer 13

Acetylcholine to Acetylcholine.

Question 14

What is a key difference in the length of the pre - ganglion fibre of the sympathetic system and the parasympathetic system?

Answer 14

In the sympathetic nervous system, the pre ganglion is FAR SHORTER compared to the parasympathetic nervous system.

Question 15

How many nerves does the sympathetic nervous system have?

Answer 15

2 nerves

Question 16

How many nerves does the parasympathetic nervous system have?

Answer 16

1 nerve

Question 17

What is a key difference in the length of the nerves of the sympathetic system and the parasympathetic system?

Answer 17

The sympathetic nerve has LONGER NERVES compared to the parasympathetic nerve.

Question 18

Where does the pre ganglion nerve in the sympathetic system reside?

Answer 18

Lies right next to the spinal cord.

Question 19

Where does the pre ganglion nerve in the parasympathetic system reside?

Answer 19

Buried within the organ.

Question 20

What is the mechanism that is followed when an acetylcholine binds to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor?

Answer 20

Causes an ion path to open and then, protein wiggles in and out of the membrane.

Question 21

Name some examples of parasympathetic nerves and where it goes to.

Answer 21

Cranial Nerve (III) = Pupil 
Cranial Nerve (VII) = Submaxillary / Sublingual / Lacrimal Glands. 
Cranial Nerve (IX) = Parotid Glands 
Cranial Nerve (X) = Heart / Kidneys / Bronchi / GI tract to colon. 
Sacral Nerves = Remainder of GI tract / Bladder / Genitalia

Question 22

What is the Cranial Nerve (X) also known as?

Answer 22

Vagus Nerve.

Question 23

What are the opposing effects in terms of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves?

Answer 23

Sympathetic Nervous System = Faster heart rate.

Parasympathetic Nervous System = Slower heart rate.

Question 24

What is the purpose of the vagus nerve?

Answer 24

Slowers the heart rate.

Question 25

Give some characteristics of physiological responses produced by the parasympathetic nervous system.

Answer 25

Constricts the pupil.
Stimulates the saliva / tear production.
Constricts the bronchi.
Slows the heart rate.

Question 26

Give some characteristics of physiological responses produced by the sympathetic nervous system.

Answer 26

Dilates the pupil.
Inhibits the production of saliva.
Dilates the bronchi.
Accelerates the heart rate.

Question 27

In terms of single input tissues, name the sympathetic system tissues.

Answer 27

Blood Vessels = can constrict the vessels in order to allow higher amounts of pressure so that blood is pumped quicker.
Sweat Glands

Question 28

In terms of single input tissues, name the parasympathetic system tissues.

Answer 28

Bronchial Smooth Muscle.

Ciliary Muscle of the Eye.

Question 29

Name the NANC transmitters and the effects of the following:

• Post Ganglionic Sympathetic Neuron
• Salivary Gland
• Parasympathetic Pelvic Nerves

Answer 29

1) ATP (Neuropeptide Y) = Vasoconstriction of the sympathetic neurone.
2) Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) = Dilation of the smooth muscles.
3) Nitric Oxide (NO) = Erection

Question 30

Give a summary of the sympathetic nervous system.

Answer 30

Thoraco - lumbar outflow.
Short pre - ganglionic fibres.
Noradrenaline is the main terminal messenger.

Question 31

Give a summary of the parasympathetic nervous system.

Answer 31

Saccro - cranial outflow.
Long pre - ganglionic fibres.
Acetylcholine is the main terminal messenger.