Introduction to the structure and function of blood Flashcards
What is the structure of the blood?
Plasma fluid RBC WBC Platelets Water Amino Acids Carbohydrates
What is another name for RBC?
Erthrocytes
What are some key features of RBC?
Biconcave discs
No nucleus
Does NOT contain DNA // RNA // Mitochondria
What is another name for WBC?
Leukocytes
What are the 3 types of WBC?
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basohphils
What are the 2 categories for neutrophils?
Polymorphonuclear
Granulocyte
What is a polymorphonuclear neutrophil?
Irregular // multi - lobed nucleus
Cytoplasm contains granules
What is a granulocyte neutrophil?
Prominent cytoplasmic granules
Why is the granulocyte and polymorphonuclear neutrophils so important?
They are essential for the INNATE immune system.
What is the purpose of neutrophils?
Heals damaged tissues = levels INCREASE in response to infections / injuries / stress
What is the purpose of eosinophils?
High levels indicate a PARASITIC infection // allergic reactions / cancer
What is the purpose of basophils?
Prevents blood from CLOTTING too quickly.
Thus, promotes blood flow to the tissues.
What are mononuclear cells?
These are blood cells with a SINGLE nucleus but LACKS granules.
What are the 2 types of mononuclear cells?
Monocytes
Lymphocytes
What are platelets?
These are cytoplasmic fragments and have NO nucleus.
Where are the platelets derived from?
These are derived from the bone marrow.
What is the purpose of platelets?
The main function is HEMOSTASIS : which is to PREVENT and STOP bleeding.
Why does the bone marrow contain IMMATURE cells?
This occurs when the bone marrow DOES NOT mature and thus does not become healthy blood cells.
Which blood diseases can be treated by bone marrow transplantation?
Leukemia
Multiple myeloma
Immune deficiency disorder
What does the plasma contain?
Water Salts Proteins = Albumin and Globulin Lipids Carbohydrates Lipids
Where is Albumin made and what is the purpose of it?
It’s made in the liver.
PREVENTS the blood from leaking out of the blood vessels.
What is Globulin made of and where is it made?
Mixture of alpha / beta / gamma types.
Made by the liver and the immune system.
What is the positive ions constituents of the plasma?
Sodium // Potassium // Magnesium // Calcium
What is the negative ions constituents of the plasma?
Chloride // Bicarbonate // Phosphate // Sulphate