Introduction to Biological Molecules and Cell Structure Flashcards
What are the two types of cells?
- Prokaryotic Cell
- Eukaryotic Cell
What are the two roles small molecules play?
- Building blocks for macromolecules.
- Specific functions
What is composition of a cell made up of?
List 4 key components
- Water
- Inorganic Ions
- Small Organic Molecules
- Macromolecules
What is the proportion of the total cell weight with all the different components?
Water = 70%
Macromolecules = 26%
Small Organic Molecules = 3%
Inorganic Ions = 1%
What is the formula of carbohydrates?
(CH2O)n
What is the function of carbohydrates?
Energy Storage / Fuel / Metabolite / Structural Element.
What are the main two types of monosaccharides in carbohydrates?
- Ketones = ketone based
- Aldoses = aldehyde based
Do monosaccharides have chiral centres?
If so what is another name for chiral centres?
Yes = They have chiral centres.
Known as enantiomers.
What is the difference between ketone and aldose?
The position of the c = o bond differs.
In ketose -> the bond is in the middle.
In aldose -> the bond is at the end.
Name two examples of an aldose.
Glucose (also known as hexose).
Glycogen (known as hexose).
How are disaccharides formed?
Condensation Reaction = whereby H2O is released upon bond forming.
Name 3 polysaccharides.
Cellulose
Starch
Glycogen
What bond is in cellulose?
Beta 1 - 4 glycosidic bond
What bond is in starch and glycogen?
Alpha 1 - 4 glycosidic bond
Why is glycogen so compact?
There is 1,6 glycosidic bonds and therefore, the structure is coiled and tight.
What are oligosaccharides?
These are a combination of monosaccharides and therefore, create a variety of shapes.
What determines the function of a molecule?
The shape of the molecule.