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Fundamentals of Science I > Pathophysiology of Inflammation I > Flashcards

Pathophysiology of Inflammation I Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What does physiology mean?

A

Science of the function of living things.

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2
Q

What does pathophysiology mean?

A

Study of the disordered physiological processes that cause // result from // otherwise associated with a disease or injury.

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3
Q

What does pathology mean?

A

Scientific study of disease itself.

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4
Q

What does disease mean?

A

A condition where the presence of an abnormality is sufficient to cause a LOSS of normal health.

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5
Q

What does suppuration mean?

A

There is TOO MUCH inflammation = Leads to suppuration which is a process by which pus forms.

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6
Q

Name some causes of acute inflammation.

A 
Microbial Infection 
Allergy 
Physical Agents 
Chemicals 
Tissue Necrosis
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7
Q

What kind of process is inflammation described to be?

A

Physiological Process.

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8
Q

What is the inflammation of the pericardium known as?

A

Ischaemia Pericarditis

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9
Q

What are the 5 words used to describe inflammation?

A 
Rubor = Redness 
Calor = Heat
Tumor = Swelling
Dolor = Pain 
Loss of Function
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10
Q

What is cystitis?

A

Inflammation of the bladder = Due to an UTI.

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11
Q

What is a surveillance mechanism for inflammation?

A

Pattern recognition receptors on sentinel cells.

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12
Q

What does surveillance mechanisms respond to?

A

Respond to pathogen - associated molecular patterns.

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13
Q

What are inflammatory mediators?

A

These are messengers which acts on blood vessels and cells in order to promote an inflammatory response.

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14
Q

What do NSAIDS do?

A

Block COX enzymes.

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15
Q

What are local hormones?

A

Chemical messengers which convey information from one cell to another.
Operates in the immediate environment.

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16
Q

Name some examples of inflammatory mediators.

A
  • Simple Compounds (Amines)
  • Elcosanoids (generated from fatty acid precursors)
  • Peptides // Proteins
17
Q

Name some examples of simple compounds (amines).

A

Histamine

Serotonin

18
Q

Name some examples of elcosanoids.

A

Prostanoids
Leukotrienes
Lipoxins
Resolvins

19
Q

Name some examples of peptides and proteins.

A

Cytokines

Bradykinin

20
Q

Name the sub categories of cytokines.

A

Interleukins
Interferons
Chemokines
Colony Stimulating Factor

21
Q

What is the purpose of interleukins?

A

Signal between WBC and many other functions.

22
Q

What is the purpose of interferons?

A

Group of signalling proteins which interfere with viral replication.

23
Q

What is the purpose of chemokines?

A

Controls the migration of WBC.

24
Q

What are colony stimulating factors?

A

Stimulate the formation of maturing colonies of WBC.

25
Q

What is the TNF?

A

Tumour Necrosis Factor

= Signalling protein which binds to transmembrane receptors and TRIGGERS activation of inflammation pathway.

26
Q

What are the 2 transmembrane receptors?

A

TNFR1

TNFR2

27
Q

What is the fluid exudate?

A

Fluid which filters from the circulatory system into lesions // areas of inflammation.
Can be plus - like // clear fluid.

28
Q

What is the cellular exudate?

A

Fluid rich in protein which oozes out of the blood due to inflammation.
DEPOSITED IN TISSUES.

29
Q

What is the vascular response for inflammation?

A

Vasodilation // Increase blood flow.

Increased vascular leakiness.

30
Q

What are the 4 main cascades?

A

Coagulation
Fibrinolytic
Kinin
Complement

31
Q

What does the Coagulation Cascade do?

A

Seals the bleeding.

32
Q

What does the Fibrinolytic Cascade do?

A

Does not allow TOO MUCH clotting to occur.

33
Q

What does the Kinin Cascade do?

A

Opens the vessels.
Increases the vascular permeability and mobilises pain.
Mobilises pain = Vasodilator.

34
Q

What is the purpose of Nitric Oxide?

A

Vasodilators the blood vessel and thus, amplifies the immune response.

35
Q

What is the purpose of the Complement Cascade?

A

A follow - up activation = Response amplifies and thus spreads.
Opsonisation occurs.

36
Q

What is the purpose of lysosomes?

A

Digests intracellular components and thus, fuses with phagosomes in order to break down phagocytose material.

37
Q

What is the RICE pneumonic?

A

Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation

Fundamentals of Science I (45 decks)

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