Principles of Infection II Flashcards
What is the innate immune system?
This is a non - specific defence system which can act quickly : within minutes and hours.
This is something which is present from birth.
What are anatomical barriers?
These are tough / intact barriers which prevent entry and colonisation of MANY microbes.
Name some examples of anatomical barriers.
Skin / Mucous Membranes / Bony encasements.
What are antimicrobial peptides?
These are very small and can kill the bacteria DIRECTLY.
What is the first line of defence by ALL multicellular organisms?
Antimicrobial Peptides.
What are some examples of antimicrobial peptides?
Cationic Peptides : Polyymyxin B
Noncationic Peptides : Glycopeptide Vancomycin.
What are cationic peptides?
These are short peptides secreted by immune // epithelial cells.
What are the main white blood cells?
Neutrophils / Basophils / Eosinophils.
Monocytes / Lymphocytes.
What is the mechanism of the innate immunity system?
Skin / Chemicals in the blood / Immune System Cells which attack FOREIGN CELLS in the body.
What is the adaptive immune system?
These are highly specialised systems which take A LONGER time to produce antigen’s within the body.
What cells does the cell - mediated response involve?
T - Cells.
What cells does the humeral response involve?
B - Cells / Antibodies.
What are the two responses are antibodies involved in?
Primary Response
Secondary Response
What does the primary response involve?
Memory cells are LOW in levels.
Much slower response.
What does the secondary response involve?
Memory cells are HIGH in levels.
Much faster response.
What is created during the primary / secondary response?
Memory cells.
What is the purpose of memory cells?
These remember the specific antigen protein and thus, a quicker immune response is generated.
What is human microbiota?
These are ALL the microorganisms living in and on a human body.
Name some examples of human microbiota.
Bacteria Archaea Protists Fungi Viruses
What is microbiome?
This is the genetic material of ALL microbes.
What are the human microbiomes broken down into?
Oral / Skin / Urigenital / Digestive Tract microbiome.
How do we live peacefully with all these micro - organisms without becoming unwell?
Mutual Symbiosis
What is mutual symbiosis?
Long term between biological interaction 2 different biological organisms.
What are the three mechanisms that antibodies undergo?
Neutralization.
Complement Recruitment.
Opsonization.
