Pathophysiology of Inflammation III Flashcards
In terms of regulation of inflammation, what are the 2 types?
Pro - Inflammatory
Anti - Inflammatory
What are the 2 main triggers of autoimmune disease?
Environment
Genetics
In terms of environmental triggers, name some examples.
Triggers // Infection // Microbiome // Tissue Injury
In terms of genetic triggers, name some examples.
Multiple genetic polymorphisms in immune related genes IMPAIR immune regulation.
In terms of auto reactive lymphocytes, what are the 2 types of cells?
Auto - reactive T - cells
Auto - reactive B - cells.
What are auto - reactive lymphocytes?
Reacts to NORMAL tissues -> attacks joints // pancreas
What does the auto - reactive T - cells do?
Attack the tissues directly.
What does the auto - reactive B - cells do?
Autoantibodies made which can attack your own tissue cells.
What are the stages of an autoimmune disease?
Initiation Propagation Resolution Propagation Resolution
In terms of autoimmune diseases, what happens to the tissues and organs over time?
Over time, the progressive damage of the affected tissues and organs REDUCES.
Which type of inflammatory are T - Reg cells?
T - Reg cells are anti - inflammatory.
Which type of inflammatory are T - Pro cells?
T - Pro cells are pro - inflammatory.
What is the purpose of CCP - antibodies?
These attack the tissues in the body as it is acute inflammation and gives TISSUE DESTRUCTION.
Why when doing an x - ray can the hands look normal?
This is because the disease could be at the early stages and therefore, the symptoms could be minor // show up elsewhere.
What is the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)?
This the type of blood test which measures how quickly RBC’s settle at the bottom of a test - tube which contains a blood sample.
What is the units for ESR?
mm / hr
What indicates inflammation during an ESR?
A faster rate than normal indicates inflammation.
What happens when there is a negative charge on red blood cells?
Negative charge results in RBC’s repelling.
What happens when there is a positive charge on red blood cells?
Positive charge results in fibrinogen causing RBC’s to stick together.
In terms of chronic inflammation, what happens to the proteins?
There is a change in the proteins.
What are the 2 main environmental triggers for CCP antibodies?
Smoking
Gum Disease
What is the process triggered by gum disease // smoking?
Deamination of arginine. Releases PAD (protein arginine deaminase). Some of the arginine goes to the citrulline and this is when the amino acids change and thus, TRIGGER an anti - cc antibody. These attack the joints and thus, ARTHRITIS occurs.
What is the purpose of PAD? (protein arginine deaminase.)
These catalyse the hydrolysis of peptides - arginine.
What is the first stage of RA?
No damage -> inflammation symptoms arise.