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Y2 Musculoskeletal > Swellings > Flashcards

Swellings Flashcards

1
Q

what is cellulitis?

A

inflammation and infection of soft tissues

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2
Q

how does cellulitis present?

A

pain
swelling
erythema

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3
Q

what are two common causative organisms of cellulitis?

A

beta haemolytic strep

staphylococci

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4
Q

how is cellulitis managed?

A

rest and elevation
analgesia
antibiotics

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5
Q

what is an abscess?

A

a discrete collection of pus

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6
Q

how does an abscess present?

A

defined + fluctuating swelling
erythema
pain

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7
Q

what is often present in the history of an abscess?

A

history of trauma e..g PWID, bite

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8
Q

how is an abscess managed?

A

drainage
rest
analgesia
antibiotics

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9
Q

what is septic arthritis?

A

bacterial infection of a joint

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10
Q

what can cause septic arthritis?

A

trauma

haematogenous spread of infection

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11
Q

what can septic arthritis cause?

A

irreversible joint damage

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12
Q

name three common causative organisms of septic arthritis

A

staph aureus
strep
e coli

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13
Q

how does septic arthritis present?

A

monoarthropathy
reduced ROM
swelling
systemic upset

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14
Q

what is seen on bloods in septic arthritis?

A

raised WCC

raised inflammatory markers

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15
Q

how is septic arthritis managed?

A

urgently
aspiration
washout and debridement

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16
Q

what is a ganglia?

A

out pouching of the synovial joint lining, filled with synovial fluid

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17
Q

describe the appearance of a ganglia

A

discrete and round
not tender
fixed to underlying structures

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18
Q

where are ganglia commonly located?

A

wrists
feet
knees

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19
Q

how is a ganglia managed?

A

often not

surgical excision if needed

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20
Q

what is a baker’s cyst?

A

a ganglia in the popliteal fossa

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21
Q

how does a baker’s cyst present?

A

general fullness of the popliteal fossa - not tender

can be painful if they rupture

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22
Q

what is bursitis?

A

inflammation of the synovial lined sacs that protect joints

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23
Q

what is a possible complication of bursitis?

A

infection and abscess formation

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24
Q

how is bursitis managed?

A

analgesia
antibiotics and drainage if needed
excision if chronic

25
Q

what foods are associated with gout?

A

purine rich foods
alcohol
dairy

26
Q

what is seen on aspiration in gout?

A

negatively birefringent monosodium urate crystals

27
Q

how are rheumatoid nodules managed?

A

excise if problematic

28
Q

where are Bouchard’s nodes found?

A

the PIP joints

29
Q

what are Bouchard’s nodes associated with?

A

OA

RA

30
Q

where are heberden’s nodes found?

A

DIP joints

31
Q

what are heberden’s nodes associated with?

A

OA

32
Q

what are the two types of giant cell tumour?

A

localised - more common

diffuse

33
Q

what causes giant cell tumour?

A

regenerative hyperplasia with an inflammatory process

34
Q

is a giant cell tumour benign or malignant?

A

benign

35
Q

how does a giant cell tumour present?

A

firm, discrete swelling

may or may not be tender

36
Q

where are giant cell tumours found?

A

volar aspect of digits

37
Q

how is a giant cell tumour managed?

A

leave alone if there is no functional issue

surgical excision

38
Q

what is a lipoma?

A

a benign proliferation of subcutaneous fat

39
Q

how does a lipoma present?

A

swelling
slow growing
painless

40
Q

how is lipoma managed?

A

can be left alone

surgical excision if problematic

41
Q

what is an osteochondroma?

A

a benign lesson from cartilage

42
Q

what are the two types of osteochondroma?

A

solitary

multiple hereditary exostosis (MHE)

43
Q

where does osteochondroma commonly occur?

A

around the knee

44
Q

when does osteochondroma usually occur?

A

adolescence

45
Q

what is there a very small risk of in osteochondroma?

A

malignant change

46
Q

how does an osteochondroma present?

A

painless, hard lump

47
Q

how is osteochondroma managed?

A

observation

surgical excision

48
Q

what is Ewing’s sarcoma?

A

malignant primary bone tumour of the endothelial cells in the marrow

49
Q

when is Ewing’s sarcoma most common?

A

ages 10-20

50
Q

how does Ewing’s sarcoma present?

A

hot swollen and tender joint/limb

raised inflammatory markers

51
Q

what is the prognosis like in Ewing’s sarcoma?

A

poor

52
Q

how is Ewing’s sarcoma managed?

A

radiotherapy
chemotherapy
surgery to remove affected limb

53
Q

what is a sebaceous cyst?

A

hair follicle filled with caseous material

54
Q

how does a sebaceous cyst present?

A

slow growing
painless
mobile

55
Q

how is sebaceous cyst managed?

A

excisions if needed

56
Q

what is myositis ossificans?

A

abnormal calcifications of. a muscle haematoma

57
Q

how is myositis ossificans managed?

A

X ray

MRI

58
Q

how is myositis ossificans managed?

A

observe

intervene if mature and symptomatic

Y2 Musculoskeletal (37 decks)

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