Fractures

Question 1

what is the usual cause of an ankle fracture?

Answer 1

an inversion injury with a rotational force applied to the foot

Question 2

what is used to classify ankle fractures?

Answer 2

weber classification

Question 3

what does the weber classification describe?

Answer 3

the location of the fracture on the fibula to the syndesmosis of the ankle

Question 4

describe a weber A ankle fracture

Answer 4

distal tip of the fracture

Question 5

describe a weber B ankle fracture

Answer 5

at the level of the syndesmosis

Question 6

describe a weber C ankle fracture

Answer 6

proximal fibular fracture

Question 7

how is a weber A ankle fracture managed?

Answer 7

conservatively e.g. moonboot

Question 8

how is a weber B ankle fracture managed?

Answer 8

may need surgery

Question 9

how is a weber C ankle fracture managed?

Answer 9

needs surgery

Question 10

what conservative management can be done for an ankle fracture?

Answer 10

cast

moonboot

Question 11

what surgery can be done for an ankle fracture?

Answer 11

ORIF

Question 12

what does ORIF stand for?

Answer 12

open reduction with internal fixation

Question 13

what are the possible configurations of a tibial shaft fracture?

Answer 13

spiral
transverse
oblique
comminuted

Question 14

what type of fracture is more common in tibial shaft fractures?

Answer 14

open

Question 15

what is there a risk of in tibial shaft fractures?

Answer 15

compartment syndrome

Question 16

what is the conservative management of tibial shaft fractures?

Answer 16

above knee casting

Question 17

what are the surgical options for tibial shaft fractures?

Answer 17

IM nailing

ORIF

Question 18

when do antibiotics need to be given for an open fracture?

Answer 18

within three hours

give until the wound is closed (max 72 hours)

Question 19

what antibiotic is given for a open fracture?

Answer 19

co-amoxiclav

co trimoxazole and metronidazole if penicillin allergic

Question 20

what needs to be checked in a patients medical history if they have an open fracture?

Answer 20

their tetanus status

Question 21

what is done for a clean penetrating wound in someone with no tetanus vaccine?

Answer 21

give the vaccine

Question 22

what is done in someone with no tetanus vaccinations and a contaminated penetrating wound?

Answer 22

vaccine

immunoglobulin

Question 23

what is done in someone vaccinated for tetanus with a clean penetrating wound?

Answer 23

vaccine if over 10

Question 24

what is done in someone vaccinated for tetanus with a contaminated penetrating wound?

Answer 24

vaccine if over 5

Question 25

what causes tibial plateau fractures?

Answer 25

high energy - young | low energy - older

Question 26

what risks are associated with tibial plateau fractures?

Answer 26

damage to popliteal vessels and common peroneal nerve compartment syndrome soft tissue knee injuries

Question 27

what classification system is used for tibial plateau fractures?

Answer 27

schatzker classification

Question 28

what are the conservative management options for tibial plateau fractures?

Answer 28

above knee cast

Question 29

what are the operative management options for tibial plateau fractures?

Answer 29

ORIF external fixation delayed TKR

Question 30

what causes femoral shaft fractures?

Answer 30

high energy injuries - often major trauma

Question 31

what is the initial management of femoral shaft fractures?

Answer 31

thomas splint

Question 32

what is the management for femoral shaft fractures?

Answer 32

IM nail or plate fixation

Question 33

what is characteristic of pelvic fractures?

Answer 33

always multiple fractures in different areas of the pelvic ring

Question 34

what classification system is used for pelvic fractures?

Answer 34

young burgess classification

Question 35

what is the initial management for a suspected pelvic fracture in a high energy injury?

Answer 35

pelvic binder

Question 36

what commonly causes distal radius fractures?

Answer 36

FOOSH

Question 37

name three types of distal radius fractures

Answer 37

colles smiths barton's

Question 38

what are the conservative options for distal radius fractures?

Answer 38

casting | splint

Question 39

what are the operative management options for distal radius fractures?

Answer 39

ORIF MUA and K wires external fixation

Question 40

name two patterns of forearm fractures that can be seen

Answer 40

monteggia and galeazzi fracture dislocations

Question 41

what bone is affected by a nightstick fracture?

Answer 41

ulnar shaft

Question 42

what is the conservative management for forearm fractures?

Answer 42

casting

Question 43

what is the operative management for forearm fractures?

Answer 43

ORIF

Question 44

what is a common cause of olecranon fractures?

Answer 44

falling onto the elbow

Question 45

what is the conservative management of olecranon fractures?

Answer 45

casting

Question 46

what is the operative management for olecranon fractures?

Answer 46

tension band wiring | ORIF plate fixation

Question 47

what vessel could be injured in humeral shaft fractures?

Answer 47

radial nerve

Question 48

what are the conservative management options for humeral shaft fractures?

Answer 48

humeral brace | U slab cast

Question 49

what are the operative management options for humeral shaft fractures?

Answer 49

IM nail | ORIF plate fixation

Question 50

what is the conservative management for proximal humeral fractures?

Answer 50

collar and cuff

Question 51

what are the operative management options for proximal humeral fractures?

Answer 51

ORIF | replacement