Fractures Flashcards
what is the usual cause of an ankle fracture?
an inversion injury with a rotational force applied to the foot
what is used to classify ankle fractures?
weber classification
what does the weber classification describe?
the location of the fracture on the fibula to the syndesmosis of the ankle
describe a weber A ankle fracture
distal tip of the fracture
describe a weber B ankle fracture
at the level of the syndesmosis
describe a weber C ankle fracture
proximal fibular fracture
how is a weber A ankle fracture managed?
conservatively e.g. moonboot
how is a weber B ankle fracture managed?
may need surgery
how is a weber C ankle fracture managed?
needs surgery
what conservative management can be done for an ankle fracture?
cast
moonboot
what surgery can be done for an ankle fracture?
ORIF
what does ORIF stand for?
open reduction with internal fixation
what are the possible configurations of a tibial shaft fracture?
spiral
transverse
oblique
comminuted
what type of fracture is more common in tibial shaft fractures?
open
what is there a risk of in tibial shaft fractures?
compartment syndrome
what is the conservative management of tibial shaft fractures?
above knee casting
what are the surgical options for tibial shaft fractures?
IM nailing
ORIF
when do antibiotics need to be given for an open fracture?
within three hours
give until the wound is closed (max 72 hours)
what antibiotic is given for a open fracture?
co-amoxiclav
co trimoxazole and metronidazole if penicillin allergic
what needs to be checked in a patients medical history if they have an open fracture?
their tetanus status
what is done for a clean penetrating wound in someone with no tetanus vaccine?
give the vaccine
what is done in someone with no tetanus vaccinations and a contaminated penetrating wound?
vaccine
immunoglobulin
what is done in someone vaccinated for tetanus with a clean penetrating wound?
vaccine if over 10
what is done in someone vaccinated for tetanus with a contaminated penetrating wound?
vaccine if over 5
what causes tibial plateau fractures?
high energy - young
low energy - older
what risks are associated with tibial plateau fractures?
damage to popliteal vessels and common peroneal nerve
compartment syndrome
soft tissue knee injuries
what classification system is used for tibial plateau fractures?
schatzker classification
what are the conservative management options for tibial plateau fractures?
above knee cast
what are the operative management options for tibial plateau fractures?
ORIF
external fixation
delayed TKR
what causes femoral shaft fractures?
high energy injuries - often major trauma
what is the initial management of femoral shaft fractures?
thomas splint
what is the management for femoral shaft fractures?
IM nail or plate fixation
what is characteristic of pelvic fractures?
always multiple fractures in different areas of the pelvic ring
what classification system is used for pelvic fractures?
young burgess classification
what is the initial management for a suspected pelvic fracture in a high energy injury?
pelvic binder
what commonly causes distal radius fractures?
FOOSH
name three types of distal radius fractures
colles
smiths
barton’s
what are the conservative options for distal radius fractures?
casting
splint
what are the operative management options for distal radius fractures?
ORIF
MUA and K wires
external fixation
name two patterns of forearm fractures that can be seen
monteggia and galeazzi fracture dislocations
what bone is affected by a nightstick fracture?
ulnar shaft
what is the conservative management for forearm fractures?
casting
what is the operative management for forearm fractures?
ORIF
what is a common cause of olecranon fractures?
falling onto the elbow
what is the conservative management of olecranon fractures?
casting
what is the operative management for olecranon fractures?
tension band wiring
ORIF plate fixation
what vessel could be injured in humeral shaft fractures?
radial nerve
what are the conservative management options for humeral shaft fractures?
humeral brace
U slab cast
what are the operative management options for humeral shaft fractures?
IM nail
ORIF plate fixation
what is the conservative management for proximal humeral fractures?
collar and cuff
what are the operative management options for proximal humeral fractures?
ORIF
replacement
