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Y2 Musculoskeletal > Fractures > Flashcards

Fractures Flashcards

1
Q

what is the usual cause of an ankle fracture?

A

an inversion injury with a rotational force applied to the foot

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2
Q

what is used to classify ankle fractures?

A

weber classification

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3
Q

what does the weber classification describe?

A

the location of the fracture on the fibula to the syndesmosis of the ankle

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4
Q

describe a weber A ankle fracture

A

distal tip of the fracture

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5
Q

describe a weber B ankle fracture

A

at the level of the syndesmosis

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6
Q

describe a weber C ankle fracture

A

proximal fibular fracture

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7
Q

how is a weber A ankle fracture managed?

A

conservatively e.g. moonboot

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8
Q

how is a weber B ankle fracture managed?

A

may need surgery

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9
Q

how is a weber C ankle fracture managed?

A

needs surgery

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10
Q

what conservative management can be done for an ankle fracture?

A

cast

moonboot

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11
Q

what surgery can be done for an ankle fracture?

A

ORIF

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12
Q

what does ORIF stand for?

A

open reduction with internal fixation

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13
Q

what are the possible configurations of a tibial shaft fracture?

A

spiral
transverse
oblique
comminuted

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14
Q

what type of fracture is more common in tibial shaft fractures?

A

open

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15
Q

what is there a risk of in tibial shaft fractures?

A

compartment syndrome

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16
Q

what is the conservative management of tibial shaft fractures?

A

above knee casting

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17
Q

what are the surgical options for tibial shaft fractures?

A

IM nailing

ORIF

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18
Q

when do antibiotics need to be given for an open fracture?

A

within three hours

give until the wound is closed (max 72 hours)

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19
Q

what antibiotic is given for a open fracture?

A

co-amoxiclav

co trimoxazole and metronidazole if penicillin allergic

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20
Q

what needs to be checked in a patients medical history if they have an open fracture?

A

their tetanus status

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21
Q

what is done for a clean penetrating wound in someone with no tetanus vaccine?

A

give the vaccine

22
Q

what is done in someone with no tetanus vaccinations and a contaminated penetrating wound?

A

vaccine

immunoglobulin

23
Q

what is done in someone vaccinated for tetanus with a clean penetrating wound?

A

vaccine if over 10

24
Q

what is done in someone vaccinated for tetanus with a contaminated penetrating wound?

A

vaccine if over 5

25
Q

what causes tibial plateau fractures?

A

high energy - young

low energy - older

26
Q

what risks are associated with tibial plateau fractures?

A

damage to popliteal vessels and common peroneal nerve

compartment syndrome

soft tissue knee injuries

27
Q

what classification system is used for tibial plateau fractures?

A

schatzker classification

28
Q

what are the conservative management options for tibial plateau fractures?

A

above knee cast

29
Q

what are the operative management options for tibial plateau fractures?

A

ORIF
external fixation
delayed TKR

30
Q

what causes femoral shaft fractures?

A

high energy injuries - often major trauma

31
Q

what is the initial management of femoral shaft fractures?

A

thomas splint

32
Q

what is the management for femoral shaft fractures?

A

IM nail or plate fixation

33
Q

what is characteristic of pelvic fractures?

A

always multiple fractures in different areas of the pelvic ring

34
Q

what classification system is used for pelvic fractures?

A

young burgess classification

35
Q

what is the initial management for a suspected pelvic fracture in a high energy injury?

A

pelvic binder

36
Q

what commonly causes distal radius fractures?

A

FOOSH

37
Q

name three types of distal radius fractures

A

colles
smiths
barton’s

38
Q

what are the conservative options for distal radius fractures?

A

casting

splint

39
Q

what are the operative management options for distal radius fractures?

A

ORIF
MUA and K wires
external fixation

40
Q

name two patterns of forearm fractures that can be seen

A

monteggia and galeazzi fracture dislocations

41
Q

what bone is affected by a nightstick fracture?

A

ulnar shaft

42
Q

what is the conservative management for forearm fractures?

A

casting

43
Q

what is the operative management for forearm fractures?

A

ORIF

44
Q

what is a common cause of olecranon fractures?

A

falling onto the elbow

45
Q

what is the conservative management of olecranon fractures?

A

casting

46
Q

what is the operative management for olecranon fractures?

A

tension band wiring

ORIF plate fixation

47
Q

what vessel could be injured in humeral shaft fractures?

A

radial nerve

48
Q

what are the conservative management options for humeral shaft fractures?

A

humeral brace

U slab cast

49
Q

what are the operative management options for humeral shaft fractures?

A

IM nail

ORIF plate fixation

50
Q

what is the conservative management for proximal humeral fractures?

A

collar and cuff

51
Q

what are the operative management options for proximal humeral fractures?

A

ORIF

replacement

Y2 Musculoskeletal (37 decks)

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