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Y2 Musculoskeletal > Anatomy: Upper Limb (Clinical) > Flashcards

Anatomy: Upper Limb (Clinical) Flashcards

1
Q

what provides the nerve supply to the upper limbs?

A

the brachial plexus

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2
Q

what forms the brachial plexus?

A

anterior rami of C5-T1 spinal nerves

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3
Q

what are the roots of the brachial plexus?

A

anterior rami of C5-T1

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4
Q

what do the roots of the brachial plexus form?

A

the trunks

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5
Q

what are the three trunks of the brachial plexus?

A

superior
middle
inferior

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6
Q

what do the trunks of the brachial plexus give rise to?

A

the divisions - each gives an anterior and posterior division

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7
Q

what forms the superior trunk of the brachial plexus?

A

combined anterior rami of C5 and C6

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8
Q

what forms the middle trunk of the brachial plexus?

A

anterior ramus of C7

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9
Q

what forms the inferior trunk of the brachial plexus?

A

combined anterior rami of C8 and T1 spinal nerves

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10
Q

what do the divisions of the brachial plexus form?

A

the cords

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11
Q

what are the cords of the brachial plexus named after?

A

their relationship to the axillary artery

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12
Q

what are the three cords of the brachial plexus?

A

medial
lateral
posterior

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13
Q

what forms the medial cord of the brachial plexus?

A

anterior division of the inferior trunk

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14
Q

what forms the lateral cord of the brachial plexus?

A

anterior divisions of the superior and middle trunks

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15
Q

what forms the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?

A

the posterior divisions of all three trunks

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16
Q

what forms the named nerves of the brachial plexus?

A

the cords

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17
Q

what are the five named nerves of the brachial plexus?

A 
ulnar 
musculocutaneous 
axillary 
radial 
median
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18
Q

what forms the musculocutaneous nerve?

A

lateral cord

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19
Q

what forms the ulnar nerve?

A

medial cord

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20
Q

what are the two divisions of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?

A

axillary nerve

radial nerve

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21
Q

what forms the median nerve?

A

medial and lateral cords

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22
Q

what makes up the blood supply to the anterior arm?

A

brachial artery

brachial vein

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23
Q

what makes up the blood supply to the posterior arm?

A

profunda brachii artery + vein

ulnar collateral artery

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24
Q

what makes up the blood supply to the anterior forearm?

A

radial and ulnar arteries

venae comitantes

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25
Q

what makes up the blood supply to the posterior forearm?

A

interosseous artery

venae comitantes

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26
Q

what nerve supplies the anterior arm?

A

musculocutaneous

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27
Q

what nerve supplies the posterior arm?

A

radial

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28
Q

what nerve supplies the anterior forearm?

A

median

ulnar

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29
Q

what nerve supplies the posterior forearm?

A

radial

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30
Q

what nerve supplies the hand?

A

ulnar

median

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31
Q

what movement of the arm does teres minor allow?

A

lateral rotation

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32
Q

what movement of the arm does the deltoid allow?

A

abduction

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33
Q

how can C5 nerve root dysfunction be ruled out?

A

by testing the function of the suprascapular nerve

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34
Q

how does the radial nerve pass around the humerus?

A

in the radial groove

with the profunda brachii artery

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35
Q

what are the two branches of the radial nerve?

A 
superficial branch (sensory) 
posterior interosseous nerve (motor)
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36
Q

what 5 muscles are innervated by the radial nerve?

A 
triceps brachii 
brachioradialis 
extensor carpi radialis longus 
extensor carpi radialis brevis 
supinator
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37
Q

if a muscle in the posterior compartment of the forearm is not supplied by the radial nerve, what supplies it?

A

the posterior interosseous nerve

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38
Q

what muscles of the forearm are supplied by the median nerve?

A

all

except flexor carpi ulnaris and ulnar half of FDP

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39
Q

what muscles in the hand does the median nerve supply?

A

LOAF

first two Lumbricals
Opponens pollicis
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis

40
Q

what muscles make up the thenar eminence?

A

flexor pollicis brevis
abductor pollicis brevis
opponens pollicis

41
Q

what nerve innervates the thenar eminence?

A

recurrent branch of the median nerve

42
Q

where does pronation and supination of the forearms occur?

A

proximal and distal radioulnar joints

43
Q

what three main factors stabilise joints?

A

congruency of articulating bones
ligaments
muscle tone

44
Q

what is subluxation?

A

partial dislocation - articular surfaces are displaced but still overlap

45
Q

what is the definition of a dislocation?

A

articular surfaces do not overlap at all

46
Q

what is another name for the lateral collateral ligament of the elbow?

A

the radial collateral ligament

47
Q

where does the radial colateral ligament attach?

A

lateral epicondyle of the humerus

annular ligament

48
Q

what is the role of the annular ligament?

A

stabilises the proximal radioulnar joint by holding the radius against the radial notch of the ulna

49
Q

what nerve innervates trapezius?

50
Q

what nerve innervates latissimus dorsi?

A

thoracodorsal nerve

51
Q

what nerve innervates rhomboid minor + major?

A

dorsal scapular nerve

52
Q

what nerve innervates pectoralis major?

A

medial + lateral pectoral nerves

53
Q

what nerve innervates pectoralis minor?

A

medial pectoral nerve

54
Q

what nerve innervates serratus anterior?

A

long thoracic nerve

55
Q

what nerve innervates levator scapulae?

A

dorsal scapular nerve

56
Q

what nerve innervates deltoid?

A

axillary nerve

57
Q

what nerve innervates teres major?

A

lower subscapular nerve

58
Q

where are the rotator cuff muscles found?

A

anterior, superior and posterior to the shoulder joint

59
Q

what is the role of the rotator cuff muscles?

A

hold the humerus in the glenoid fossa

60
Q

what are the four rotator cuff muscles?

A

supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis

61
Q

where do the muscles of the rotator cuff insert?

A

subscapularis = lesser tuberosity of the humerus

all others = greater tuberosity

62
Q

what are the two compartments of the arm?

A

anterior

posterior

63
Q

what are the three compartments of the forearm?

A

anterior
posterior
lateral

64
Q

what is the arterial supply of the anterior arm?

A

brachial artery

65
Q

what is the venous supply of the anterior arm?

A

brachial vein

66
Q

what is the nerve supply of the anterior arm?

A

musculocutaneous nerve

67
Q

what is the arterial supply of the posterior arm?

A

profunda brachii

ulnar collateral artery

68
Q

what is the venous supply of the posterior arm?

A

profunda brachii

69
Q

what is the nerve supply of the posterior arm?

A

radial nerve

70
Q

what is the arterial supply of the anterior forearm?

A

radial and ulnar arteries

71
Q

what is the venous supply of the anterior forearm?

A

venae comitantes

72
Q

what is the nerve supply of the anterior forearm?

A

median + ulnar nerves

73
Q

what is the arterial supply of the posterior forearm?

A

interosseous artery

74
Q

what is the venous supply of the posterior forearm?

A

venae comitantes

75
Q

what is the nerve supply of the posterior forearm?

A

radial nerve

76
Q

what is the arterial supply of the hand?

A

deep and superficial palmar arches

77
Q

what is the nerve supply of the hand?

A

ulnar and median nerves

78
Q

what muscles make up the anterior compartment of the arm?

A

biceps brachii
brachialis
coracobrachialis

79
Q

what are the actions of the anterior compartment of the arm?

A

flexion of the arm and forearm

biceps brachii supinates the forearm

80
Q

what muscles make up the posterior compartment of the arm?

A

triceps brachii

81
Q

what are the actions of the posterior compartment of the arm?

A

extension of the arm and forearm

82
Q

what are the three layers of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

superficial
intermediate
deep

83
Q

what muscles make up the superficial layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

pronator teres
flexor carpi radialis
palmaris longus
flexor carpi ulnaris

84
Q

what muscles make up the intermediate layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

flexor digitorum superficialis

85
Q

what muscles make up the deep layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

flexor pollicis longus
flexor digitorum profundus
pronator quadratus

86
Q

what are the actions of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

flexion - wrist and digits
abduction - wrist
adduction - wrist
pronation - forearm

87
Q

what are the layers of the posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

superficial

deep

88
Q

what muscles make up the superficial layer of the posterior compartment of the forearm?

A 
brachioradialis
extensor carpi radialis longus
extensor carpi radialis brevis 
extensor digiti minimi 
extensor carpi ulnaris 
extensor digitorum 
anconeus
89
Q

what muscles make up the deep layer of the posterior compartment of the forearm?

A 
supinator 
extensor pollicis brevis 
extensor indicis 
extensor pollicis longus 
abductor pollicis longus
90
Q

what are the actions o the muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

extension - wrist and digits
abduction + adduction - wrist
supination - forearm

91
Q

what muscles make up the thenar eminence of the hand?

A

abductor pollicis brevis
flexor pollicis brevis
opponens pollicis

92
Q

what nerve innervates the thenar eminence of the hand?

A

median nerve

93
Q

what muscles of the hand are affected by carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

the muscles of the thenar eminence

94
Q

what muscles make up the hypothenar eminence of the hand?

A

abductor digiti minimi
flexor digiti minimi
opponens digiti minimi

95
Q

what nerve innervates the muscles of the hypothenar eminence of the hand?

A

ulnar nerve

Y2 Musculoskeletal (37 decks)

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