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Y2 Musculoskeletal > Anatomy: Upper Limb (Clinical) > Flashcards

Anatomy: Upper Limb (Clinical) Flashcards

1
Q

what provides the nerve supply to the upper limbs?

A

the brachial plexus

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2
Q

what forms the brachial plexus?

A

anterior rami of C5-T1 spinal nerves

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3
Q

what are the roots of the brachial plexus?

A

anterior rami of C5-T1

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4
Q

what do the roots of the brachial plexus form?

A

the trunks

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5
Q

what are the three trunks of the brachial plexus?

A

superior
middle
inferior

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6
Q

what do the trunks of the brachial plexus give rise to?

A

the divisions - each gives an anterior and posterior division

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7
Q

what forms the superior trunk of the brachial plexus?

A

combined anterior rami of C5 and C6

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8
Q

what forms the middle trunk of the brachial plexus?

A

anterior ramus of C7

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9
Q

what forms the inferior trunk of the brachial plexus?

A

combined anterior rami of C8 and T1 spinal nerves

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10
Q

what do the divisions of the brachial plexus form?

A

the cords

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11
Q

what are the cords of the brachial plexus named after?

A

their relationship to the axillary artery

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12
Q

what are the three cords of the brachial plexus?

A

medial
lateral
posterior

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13
Q

what forms the medial cord of the brachial plexus?

A

anterior division of the inferior trunk

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14
Q

what forms the lateral cord of the brachial plexus?

A

anterior divisions of the superior and middle trunks

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15
Q

what forms the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?

A

the posterior divisions of all three trunks

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16
Q

what forms the named nerves of the brachial plexus?

A

the cords

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17
Q

what are the five named nerves of the brachial plexus?

A 
ulnar 
musculocutaneous 
axillary 
radial 
median
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18
Q

what forms the musculocutaneous nerve?

A

lateral cord

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19
Q

what forms the ulnar nerve?

A

medial cord

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20
Q

what are the two divisions of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?

A

axillary nerve

radial nerve

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21
Q

what forms the median nerve?

A

medial and lateral cords

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22
Q

what makes up the blood supply to the anterior arm?

A

brachial artery

brachial vein

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23
Q

what makes up the blood supply to the posterior arm?

A

profunda brachii artery + vein

ulnar collateral artery

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24
Q

what makes up the blood supply to the anterior forearm?

A

radial and ulnar arteries

venae comitantes

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25
what makes up the blood supply to the posterior forearm?
interosseous artery | venae comitantes
26
what nerve supplies the anterior arm?
musculocutaneous
27
what nerve supplies the posterior arm?
radial
28
what nerve supplies the anterior forearm?
median | ulnar
29
what nerve supplies the posterior forearm?
radial
30
what nerve supplies the hand?
ulnar | median
31
what movement of the arm does teres minor allow?
lateral rotation
32
what movement of the arm does the deltoid allow?
abduction
33
how can C5 nerve root dysfunction be ruled out?
by testing the function of the suprascapular nerve
34
how does the radial nerve pass around the humerus?
in the radial groove with the profunda brachii artery
35
what are the two branches of the radial nerve?
``` superficial branch (sensory) posterior interosseous nerve (motor) ```
36
what 5 muscles are innervated by the radial nerve?
``` triceps brachii brachioradialis extensor carpi radialis longus extensor carpi radialis brevis supinator ```
37
if a muscle in the posterior compartment of the forearm is not supplied by the radial nerve, what supplies it?
the posterior interosseous nerve
38
what muscles of the forearm are supplied by the median nerve?
all except flexor carpi ulnaris and ulnar half of FDP
39
what muscles in the hand does the median nerve supply?
LOAF first two Lumbricals Opponens pollicis Abductor pollicis brevis Flexor pollicis brevis
40
what muscles make up the thenar eminence?
flexor pollicis brevis abductor pollicis brevis opponens pollicis
41
what nerve innervates the thenar eminence?
recurrent branch of the median nerve
42
where does pronation and supination of the forearms occur?
proximal and distal radioulnar joints
43
what three main factors stabilise joints?
congruency of articulating bones ligaments muscle tone
44
what is subluxation?
partial dislocation - articular surfaces are displaced but still overlap
45
what is the definition of a dislocation?
articular surfaces do not overlap at all
46
what is another name for the lateral collateral ligament of the elbow?
the radial collateral ligament
47
where does the radial colateral ligament attach?
lateral epicondyle of the humerus | annular ligament
48
what is the role of the annular ligament?
stabilises the proximal radioulnar joint by holding the radius against the radial notch of the ulna
49
what nerve innervates trapezius?
CN XI
50
what nerve innervates latissimus dorsi?
thoracodorsal nerve
51
what nerve innervates rhomboid minor + major?
dorsal scapular nerve
52
what nerve innervates pectoralis major?
medial + lateral pectoral nerves
53
what nerve innervates pectoralis minor?
medial pectoral nerve
54
what nerve innervates serratus anterior?
long thoracic nerve
55
what nerve innervates levator scapulae?
dorsal scapular nerve
56
what nerve innervates deltoid?
axillary nerve
57
what nerve innervates teres major?
lower subscapular nerve
58
where are the rotator cuff muscles found?
anterior, superior and posterior to the shoulder joint
59
what is the role of the rotator cuff muscles?
hold the humerus in the glenoid fossa
60
what are the four rotator cuff muscles?
supraspinatus infraspinatus teres minor subscapularis
61
where do the muscles of the rotator cuff insert?
subscapularis = lesser tuberosity of the humerus | all others = greater tuberosity
62
what are the two compartments of the arm?
anterior | posterior
63
what are the three compartments of the forearm?
anterior posterior lateral
64
what is the arterial supply of the anterior arm?
brachial artery
65
what is the venous supply of the anterior arm?
brachial vein
66
what is the nerve supply of the anterior arm?
musculocutaneous nerve
67
what is the arterial supply of the posterior arm?
profunda brachii | ulnar collateral artery
68
what is the venous supply of the posterior arm?
profunda brachii
69
what is the nerve supply of the posterior arm?
radial nerve
70
what is the arterial supply of the anterior forearm?
radial and ulnar arteries
71
what is the venous supply of the anterior forearm?
venae comitantes
72
what is the nerve supply of the anterior forearm?
median + ulnar nerves
73
what is the arterial supply of the posterior forearm?
interosseous artery
74
what is the venous supply of the posterior forearm?
venae comitantes
75
what is the nerve supply of the posterior forearm?
radial nerve
76
what is the arterial supply of the hand?
deep and superficial palmar arches
77
what is the nerve supply of the hand?
ulnar and median nerves
78
what muscles make up the anterior compartment of the arm?
biceps brachii brachialis coracobrachialis
79
what are the actions of the anterior compartment of the arm?
flexion of the arm and forearm biceps brachii supinates the forearm
80
what muscles make up the posterior compartment of the arm?
triceps brachii
81
what are the actions of the posterior compartment of the arm?
extension of the arm and forearm
82
what are the three layers of the anterior compartment of the forearm?
superficial intermediate deep
83
what muscles make up the superficial layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm?
pronator teres flexor carpi radialis palmaris longus flexor carpi ulnaris
84
what muscles make up the intermediate layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm?
flexor digitorum superficialis
85
what muscles make up the deep layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm?
flexor pollicis longus flexor digitorum profundus pronator quadratus
86
what are the actions of the anterior compartment of the forearm?
flexion - wrist and digits abduction - wrist adduction - wrist pronation - forearm
87
what are the layers of the posterior compartment of the forearm?
superficial | deep
88
what muscles make up the superficial layer of the posterior compartment of the forearm?
``` brachioradialis extensor carpi radialis longus extensor carpi radialis brevis extensor digiti minimi extensor carpi ulnaris extensor digitorum anconeus ```
89
what muscles make up the deep layer of the posterior compartment of the forearm?
``` supinator extensor pollicis brevis extensor indicis extensor pollicis longus abductor pollicis longus ```
90
what are the actions o the muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm?
extension - wrist and digits abduction + adduction - wrist supination - forearm
91
what muscles make up the thenar eminence of the hand?
abductor pollicis brevis flexor pollicis brevis opponens pollicis
92
what nerve innervates the thenar eminence of the hand?
median nerve
93
what muscles of the hand are affected by carpal tunnel syndrome?
the muscles of the thenar eminence
94
what muscles make up the hypothenar eminence of the hand?
abductor digiti minimi flexor digiti minimi opponens digiti minimi
95
what nerve innervates the muscles of the hypothenar eminence of the hand?
ulnar nerve

Y2 Musculoskeletal (37 decks)

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