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Y2 Musculoskeletal > Anatomy: Spine > Flashcards

Anatomy: Spine Flashcards

1
Q

what are the five regions of the spine?

A 
cervical 
thoracic 
lumbar 
sacral 
coccyx
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2
Q

how many vertebrae make up the cervical region?

A

7

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3
Q

how many vertebrae make up the thoracic region?

A

12

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4
Q

how many vertebrae make up the lumbar region?

A

5

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5
Q

how many vertebrae make up the sacral region?

A

5 fused together

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6
Q

how many vertebrae make up the coccyx?

A

3-5 fused together

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7
Q

name a condition that can cause a pathological thoracic kyphosis

A

ankylosing spondylitis

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8
Q

what is the normal shape for the spine?

A 
cervical lordosis (in) 
thoracic kyphosis (out)
lumbar lordosis
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9
Q

what is the name of C1?

A

atlas

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10
Q

what is the name of C2?

A

axis

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11
Q

what makes C1 unique?

A

no body

no spinous process

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12
Q

what makes C2 unique?

A

contains the odontoid process (aka the dens)

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13
Q

what articulates with the dens?

A

the anterior arch of the atlas

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14
Q

what type of joint is the atlanto-axial joint?

A

synovial pivot

no movement

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15
Q

what is C7 called?

A

vertebra prominens

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16
Q

what is the vertebral body of a typical cervical vertebrae like?

A

small
kidney shaped
contains uncinate processes

17
Q

what do the transverse processes of cervical vertebrae have?

A

transverse foramens

anterior and posterior tubercles

18
Q

describe the spinous processes of the cervical vertebrae

A

short, bifid

19
Q

what is the vertebral body of a typical thoracic vertebrae like?

A

heart shaped

bigger more inferiorly

20
Q

what do the transverse processes of the thoracic vertebrae conntain?

A

costal facets

these articulate with the ribs

21
Q

what is the pars interarticularis?

A

the intra articular part of the vertebrae

found between the superior and inferior articular processes

22
Q

what is spondylolysis?

A

stress fracture of the vertebrae

23
Q

what is spondylolisthesis?

A

displacement of the vertebrae

24
Q

what are the two layers of the muscles of the back?

A

superficial

deep

25
Q

what muscles make up the superficial muscles of the back?

A

trapezius
levator scapulae
rhomboid major and minor
latissimus dorsi

26
Q

what is the role of the deep muscles of the back?

A

provide movement and stability

27
Q

name the deep muscles of the back

A

splenius
erector spinae
transversospinalis muscles

28
Q

what three muscles make up erector spinae?

A

iliocostalis
longissimus
spinalis

29
Q

what muscles are found in the gutter between the transverse and spinous processes of vertebrae?

A

semispinalis

multifidus

30
Q

what muscle is the extensor of the back (lets you stand up)?

A

erector spinae

31
Q

what is the outer part of a intervertebral disc?

A

annulus fibrosus

32
Q

what is the inner part of an intervertebral disc?

A

nucleus pulposus

Y2 Musculoskeletal (37 decks)

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