Anatomy: Spine Flashcards
what are the five regions of the spine?
cervical thoracic lumbar sacral coccyx
how many vertebrae make up the cervical region?
7
how many vertebrae make up the thoracic region?
12
how many vertebrae make up the lumbar region?
5
how many vertebrae make up the sacral region?
5 fused together
how many vertebrae make up the coccyx?
3-5 fused together
name a condition that can cause a pathological thoracic kyphosis
ankylosing spondylitis
what is the normal shape for the spine?
cervical lordosis (in) thoracic kyphosis (out) lumbar lordosis
what is the name of C1?
atlas
what is the name of C2?
axis
what makes C1 unique?
no body
no spinous process
what makes C2 unique?
contains the odontoid process (aka the dens)
what articulates with the dens?
the anterior arch of the atlas
what type of joint is the atlanto-axial joint?
synovial pivot
no movement
what is C7 called?
vertebra prominens
what is the vertebral body of a typical cervical vertebrae like?
small
kidney shaped
contains uncinate processes
what do the transverse processes of cervical vertebrae have?
transverse foramens
anterior and posterior tubercles
describe the spinous processes of the cervical vertebrae
short, bifid
what is the vertebral body of a typical thoracic vertebrae like?
heart shaped
bigger more inferiorly
what do the transverse processes of the thoracic vertebrae conntain?
costal facets
these articulate with the ribs
what is the pars interarticularis?
the intra articular part of the vertebrae
found between the superior and inferior articular processes
what is spondylolysis?
stress fracture of the vertebrae
what is spondylolisthesis?
displacement of the vertebrae
what are the two layers of the muscles of the back?
superficial
deep
what muscles make up the superficial muscles of the back?
trapezius
levator scapulae
rhomboid major and minor
latissimus dorsi
what is the role of the deep muscles of the back?
provide movement and stability
name the deep muscles of the back
splenius
erector spinae
transversospinalis muscles
what three muscles make up erector spinae?
iliocostalis
longissimus
spinalis
what muscles are found in the gutter between the transverse and spinous processes of vertebrae?
semispinalis
multifidus
what muscle is the extensor of the back (lets you stand up)?
erector spinae
what is the outer part of a intervertebral disc?
annulus fibrosus
what is the inner part of an intervertebral disc?
nucleus pulposus
