Common Dislocations Flashcards
what is the most common type of shoulder dislocation?
anterior
what causes an anterior shoulder dislocation?
a fall with the shoulder externally rotated
what sensory assessment do you need to do in an anterior shoulder dislocation?
regimental badge area = tests axillary nerve function
which type of shoulder dislocation is very rare?
inferior
what causes a posterior shoulder dislocation?
a direct blow to the anterior shoulder
how does an inferior shoulder dislocation look on examination?
the arm is held in abduction
what age group is commonly affected by shoulder dislocations?
young adults
how is a shoulder dislocation managed?
reduction - open or closed
stabilisation
rehabilitation
name two mechanisms for closed reduction of a shoulder dislocation
Hippocratic
in line traction
what is the risk of recurrent shoulder dislocation linked to?
age
risk decreases as age increases
what causes an elbow dislocation?
FOOSH
what are the four types of elbow dislocation?
posterior
anterior
medial
lateral
what fractures are there a risk of in an elbow dislocation?
radial head
coronoid process
how is an elbow dislocation managed?
closed reduction under sedation
two weeks in a sling
rehabilitation
how is an elbow dislocation reduced?
traction in extension with/without pressure over the olecranon
what is the risk of recurrence like in an elbow dislocation?
low
what are the two mechanisms for an interphalangeal dislocation?
hyperextension
direct axial blow
what direction do most interphalangeal dislocations occur in?
almost always posterior
what are two possible complications associated with an interphalangeal dislocation?
head of phalanx button holes through the solar plate
recurrent instability
how is an interphalangeal dislocation managed?
closed reduction under block
two weeks in neighbour strapping
how is an interphalangeal dislocation reduced?
in line traction with corrective pressure
what causes a patellar dislocation?
sudden quads contraction with a flexed knee
what direction do the vast majority of patellar dislocations occur in?
lateral
who is most commonly affected by a patellar dislocation?
teenage girls
what will be seen on clinical examination in patellar dislocation?
pain medially
effusion
positive patellar apprehension test
how is a patellar dislocation managed?
reduce x-rays aspirate if needed bracing physio
when does a patellar dislocation need surgery?
if recurrent
what has happened to a patient if they have an LCL injury and a perineal nerve injury?
dislocated knee
who is most commonly affected by a dislocated knee?
teenage girls
what structures may be damaged in a dislocated knee?
popliteal vessels
peroneal nerve
what is the urgent management of a dislocated knee?
reduction under sedation
stabilise in splint/ex-fix
what imaging is done for a dislocated knee?
x-ray - look for any fractures
MRI
what is the definitive management of a dislocated knee?
surgery
what causes a hip dislocation?
high velocity injury
what direction do most hip dislocations occur in?
posterior
what fractures are hip dislocations associated with?
posterior acetabular wall
femur
how does a hip dislocation present?
flexed, internally rotated and adducted knee
what is the early management of a hip dislocation?
CT
urgent reduction
stabilise in tractions
CT
what is the definitive management of a hip dislocation?
fixation of pelvic fractures
what are three possible complications of a hip dislocation?
sciatic nerve palsy
AVN
secondary OA
