Common Dislocations

Question 1

what is the most common type of shoulder dislocation?

Answer 1

anterior

Question 2

what causes an anterior shoulder dislocation?

Answer 2

a fall with the shoulder externally rotated

Question 3

what sensory assessment do you need to do in an anterior shoulder dislocation?

Answer 3

regimental badge area = tests axillary nerve function

Question 4

which type of shoulder dislocation is very rare?

Answer 4

inferior

Question 5

what causes a posterior shoulder dislocation?

Answer 5

a direct blow to the anterior shoulder

Question 6

how does an inferior shoulder dislocation look on examination?

Answer 6

the arm is held in abduction

Question 7

what age group is commonly affected by shoulder dislocations?

Answer 7

young adults

Question 8

how is a shoulder dislocation managed?

Answer 8

reduction - open or closed
stabilisation
rehabilitation

Question 9

name two mechanisms for closed reduction of a shoulder dislocation

Answer 9

Hippocratic

in line traction

Question 10

what is the risk of recurrent shoulder dislocation linked to?

Answer 10

age

risk decreases as age increases

Question 11

what causes an elbow dislocation?

Answer 11

FOOSH

Question 12

what are the four types of elbow dislocation?

Answer 12

posterior
anterior
medial
lateral

Question 13

what fractures are there a risk of in an elbow dislocation?

Answer 13

radial head

coronoid process

Question 14

how is an elbow dislocation managed?

Answer 14

closed reduction under sedation
two weeks in a sling
rehabilitation

Question 15

how is an elbow dislocation reduced?

Answer 15

traction in extension with/without pressure over the olecranon

Question 16

what is the risk of recurrence like in an elbow dislocation?

Answer 16

low

Question 17

what are the two mechanisms for an interphalangeal dislocation?

Answer 17

hyperextension

direct axial blow

Question 18

what direction do most interphalangeal dislocations occur in?

Answer 18

almost always posterior

Question 19

what are two possible complications associated with an interphalangeal dislocation?

Answer 19

head of phalanx button holes through the solar plate

recurrent instability

Question 20

how is an interphalangeal dislocation managed?

Answer 20

closed reduction under block

two weeks in neighbour strapping

Question 21

how is an interphalangeal dislocation reduced?

Answer 21

in line traction with corrective pressure

Question 22

what causes a patellar dislocation?

Answer 22

sudden quads contraction with a flexed knee

Question 23

what direction do the vast majority of patellar dislocations occur in?

Answer 23

lateral

Question 24

who is most commonly affected by a patellar dislocation?

Answer 24

teenage girls

Question 25

what will be seen on clinical examination in patellar dislocation?

Answer 25

pain medially effusion positive patellar apprehension test

Question 26

how is a patellar dislocation managed?

Answer 26

``` reduce x-rays aspirate if needed bracing physio ```

Question 27

when does a patellar dislocation need surgery?

Answer 27

if recurrent

Question 28

what has happened to a patient if they have an LCL injury and a perineal nerve injury?

Answer 28

dislocated knee

Question 29

who is most commonly affected by a dislocated knee?

Answer 29

teenage girls

Question 30

what structures may be damaged in a dislocated knee?

Answer 30

popliteal vessels | peroneal nerve

Question 31

what is the urgent management of a dislocated knee?

Answer 31

reduction under sedation | stabilise in splint/ex-fix

Question 32

what imaging is done for a dislocated knee?

Answer 32

x-ray - look for any fractures | MRI

Question 33

what is the definitive management of a dislocated knee?

Answer 33

surgery

Question 34

what causes a hip dislocation?

Answer 34

high velocity injury

Question 35

what direction do most hip dislocations occur in?

Answer 35

posterior

Question 36

what fractures are hip dislocations associated with?

Answer 36

posterior acetabular wall | femur

Question 37

how does a hip dislocation present?

Answer 37

flexed, internally rotated and adducted knee

Question 38

what is the early management of a hip dislocation?

Answer 38

CT urgent reduction stabilise in tractions CT

Question 39

what is the definitive management of a hip dislocation?

Answer 39

fixation of pelvic fractures

Question 40

what are three possible complications of a hip dislocation?

Answer 40

sciatic nerve palsy AVN secondary OA