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Y2 Musculoskeletal > Common Dislocations > Flashcards

Common Dislocations Flashcards

1
Q

what is the most common type of shoulder dislocation?

A

anterior

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2
Q

what causes an anterior shoulder dislocation?

A

a fall with the shoulder externally rotated

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3
Q

what sensory assessment do you need to do in an anterior shoulder dislocation?

A

regimental badge area = tests axillary nerve function

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4
Q

which type of shoulder dislocation is very rare?

A

inferior

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5
Q

what causes a posterior shoulder dislocation?

A

a direct blow to the anterior shoulder

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6
Q

how does an inferior shoulder dislocation look on examination?

A

the arm is held in abduction

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7
Q

what age group is commonly affected by shoulder dislocations?

A

young adults

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8
Q

how is a shoulder dislocation managed?

A

reduction - open or closed
stabilisation
rehabilitation

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9
Q

name two mechanisms for closed reduction of a shoulder dislocation

A

Hippocratic

in line traction

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10
Q

what is the risk of recurrent shoulder dislocation linked to?

A

age

risk decreases as age increases

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11
Q

what causes an elbow dislocation?

A

FOOSH

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12
Q

what are the four types of elbow dislocation?

A

posterior
anterior
medial
lateral

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13
Q

what fractures are there a risk of in an elbow dislocation?

A

radial head

coronoid process

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14
Q

how is an elbow dislocation managed?

A

closed reduction under sedation
two weeks in a sling
rehabilitation

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15
Q

how is an elbow dislocation reduced?

A

traction in extension with/without pressure over the olecranon

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16
Q

what is the risk of recurrence like in an elbow dislocation?

A

low

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17
Q

what are the two mechanisms for an interphalangeal dislocation?

A

hyperextension

direct axial blow

18
Q

what direction do most interphalangeal dislocations occur in?

A

almost always posterior

19
Q

what are two possible complications associated with an interphalangeal dislocation?

A

head of phalanx button holes through the solar plate

recurrent instability

20
Q

how is an interphalangeal dislocation managed?

A

closed reduction under block

two weeks in neighbour strapping

21
Q

how is an interphalangeal dislocation reduced?

A

in line traction with corrective pressure

22
Q

what causes a patellar dislocation?

A

sudden quads contraction with a flexed knee

23
Q

what direction do the vast majority of patellar dislocations occur in?

A

lateral

24
Q

who is most commonly affected by a patellar dislocation?

A

teenage girls

25
Q

what will be seen on clinical examination in patellar dislocation?

A

pain medially
effusion
positive patellar apprehension test

26
Q

how is a patellar dislocation managed?

A 
reduce 
x-rays 
aspirate if needed 
bracing 
physio
27
Q

when does a patellar dislocation need surgery?

A

if recurrent

28
Q

what has happened to a patient if they have an LCL injury and a perineal nerve injury?

A

dislocated knee

29
Q

who is most commonly affected by a dislocated knee?

A

teenage girls

30
Q

what structures may be damaged in a dislocated knee?

A

popliteal vessels

peroneal nerve

31
Q

what is the urgent management of a dislocated knee?

A

reduction under sedation

stabilise in splint/ex-fix

32
Q

what imaging is done for a dislocated knee?

A

x-ray - look for any fractures

MRI

33
Q

what is the definitive management of a dislocated knee?

A

surgery

34
Q

what causes a hip dislocation?

A

high velocity injury

35
Q

what direction do most hip dislocations occur in?

A

posterior

36
Q

what fractures are hip dislocations associated with?

A

posterior acetabular wall

femur

37
Q

how does a hip dislocation present?

A

flexed, internally rotated and adducted knee

38
Q

what is the early management of a hip dislocation?

A

CT
urgent reduction
stabilise in tractions
CT

39
Q

what is the definitive management of a hip dislocation?

A

fixation of pelvic fractures

40
Q

what are three possible complications of a hip dislocation?

A

sciatic nerve palsy
AVN
secondary OA

Y2 Musculoskeletal (37 decks)

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