Hip Conditions Flashcards
what does FAI stand for?
femeroacetabular impingement syndrome
what are the three types of FAI?
mixed
CAM
pincer
what is the deformity in CAM FAI?
femoral deformity
asymmetric femoral head with a decreased head to neck ratio
who is usually affected by CAM type FAI?
young, athletic males
what is the deformity in pincer FAI?
acetabular deformity where it overhangs
who is usually affected by pincer FAI?
females
how does FAI present?
activity related pain in the groin
difficulty sitting
how is FAI diagnosed?
radiographs
CT
MRI
how is asymptomatic FAI managed?
observation
how is symptomatic FAI managed?
surgery
what is avascular necrosis?
failure of the blood supply to the femoral head
what are the two causes of avascular necrosis?
idiopathic
trauma
who is more commonly affected by avascular necrosis?
men
what is the typical age range for avascular necrosis?
35-50
is avascular necrosis usually unilateral or bilateral?
bilateral
what are five risk factors for avascular necrosis?
radiation trauma blood diseases alcoholism steroids
how does avascular necrosis present?
insidious onset groin pain
exacerbated by impact
what is seen on clinical examination of avascular necrosis?
nothing
unless disease has advanced
how is avascular necrosis diagnosed?
x-rays - often normal
MRI
what management is done for reversible avascular necrosis?
bisphosphonates
grafting
what management is done for irreversible avascular necrosis?
total hip replacement
what does ITOH stand for?
idiopathic transient osteonecrosis of the hip
how does ITOH present?
progressive groin pain over several weeks
difficulty weight bearing
is ITOH usually unilateral or bilateral?
unilateral
what two groups are most commonly affected by ITOH?
middle aged men
pregnant women in the 3rd trimester
how is ITOH diagnosed?
raised inflammatory markers
MRI
how is ITOH managed?
self limiting - better in 6-9 months
analgesia
what is trochanteric bursitis?
inflammation of the trochanteric bursa
what causes trochanteric bursitis?
repeated trauma due to the iliotibial band hitting the trochanteric bursa
who is commonly affected by trochanteric bursitis?
females
young runners
how does trochanteric bursitis present?
pain on the lateral aspect of the hip
tenderness over the greater trochanter
how is trochanteric bursitis diagnosed?
clinical diagnosis
how is trochanteric bursitis managed?
analgesia
physio
steroid injections
