Shoulder Problems Flashcards
what four muscles make up the rotator cuff?
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis
what are the four extrinsic muscles of the shoulder joint?
deltoid
trapezium
pec major
latissimus dorsi
who is most commonly affected by shoulder instability?
young, sporty people
what is the most common cause of shoulder instability?
trauma
can also be due to rotator cuff tears
what are the two types of shoulder instability?
anterior dislocation
posterior dislocation
which type of shoulder dislocation is most common?
anterior
what can cause posterior shoulder dislocation?
epilepsy
electrocution
what sign is seen on x-ray in a posterior shoulder dislocation?
light bulb sign = internally rotated humeral head
how is acute shoulder instability managed?
closed reduction
analgesia + sedation
sling
how is chronic shoulder instability managed?
physiotherapy
name three possible methods for reducing an anterior shoulder dislocation
kocher method
hippocratic method
stimson method
what is the post reduction treatment of shoulder instability?
2-3 weeks rest in a sling
analgesia
gradual early mobilisation
physio
what investigations are done for shoulder instability?
radiographs - AP and garth views
what is a garth view radiograph?
apical oblique view
name four possible associated injuries with shoulder instability
labral lesion
fracture of the humeral head
fracture of glenoid
rotator cuff tear
how does impingement syndrome present?
pain originating from the sub-acromial space
what special tests can be done for impingement syndrome?
hawkins
jobes
painful arc
what is the conservative management for impingement syndrome?
rest
activity modification
physio
what is the medical management for impingement syndrome?
corticosteroid injections - up to twice
when is surgery done for impingement syndrome and what surgery is done?
after min 6 months non operative treatment
arthroscopic or open subacromial decompression
how does a rotator cuff tear present?
weakness
acute trauma
pain
