Histology Flashcards
what are the three principle types of muscle?
skeletal
cardiac
smooth
what are bundles of muscle fibres called?
fascicles
multiple fascicles = a muscle
what is the connective tissue that surrounds a whole muscle called?
epimysium
what is the connective tissue surrounding a fascicle called?
the perimysium
what is the connective tissue surrounding one muscle fibre called?
the endomysium
what are muscle fibres made of?
myofibrils
what are myofibrils made of?
sarcomeres
what are the unit of contraction of the muscle cell?
sarcomeres
where does a sarcomere extend from?
one Z line to the next
what is a motor unit?
one motor neurone and all of the muscle fibres that it innervates
what does the number of muscle fibres in a motor unit determine?
how fine control is
less fibres = finer control
what is the synapse of a motor neurone called?
the neuromuscular junction
what are the three types of skeletal muscle fibre?
slow
IIA
IIB
what do slow skeletal muscle fibres depend on?
oxidative metabolism
describe slow skeletal muscle fibres
abundant mitochondria and myoglobin
resistant to fatigue
less force
what are slow skeletal muscle fibres often called?
red fibres
what are type IIA skeletal muscle fibres?
intermediate speed fibres
what are type IIB skeletal muscle fibres?
fast fibres
what do type IIB skeletal muscle fibres depend on?
anaerobic metabolism
what are type IIB skeletal muscle fibres often called?
white fibres
how are the cells in cartilage nourished?
by diffusion through the extracellular matrix
what are the cells within cartilage called when mature and immature?
mature = chondrocytes immature = chondroblasts
where do chondrocytes live?
the lacuna of the extracellular matrix
what is the extracellular matrix composed of? (4)
water
organic material
- type II collagen
- proteoglycan aggregates
what are the three types of cartilage?
hyaline
elastic
fibrocartilage
what is the most common type of cartilage?
hyaline
what makes elastic cartilage flexible?
addition of elastic fibres
where is the majority of the bodies calcium located?
the bones
what are the two types of bone?
cortical bone
cancellous/trabecular bone
what is the diaphysis and what is it made of?
shaft of bone
cortical bone
what is the epiphysis and what is it made of?
the end of a bone
cancellous bone
what is woven bone?
bone formed during development or after a break
collagen fibres laid down in a haphazard fashion
not as strong
