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Y2 Musculoskeletal > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three principle types of muscle?

A

skeletal
cardiac
smooth

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2
Q

what are bundles of muscle fibres called?

A

fascicles

multiple fascicles = a muscle

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3
Q

what is the connective tissue that surrounds a whole muscle called?

A

epimysium

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4
Q

what is the connective tissue surrounding a fascicle called?

A

the perimysium

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5
Q

what is the connective tissue surrounding one muscle fibre called?

A

the endomysium

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6
Q

what are muscle fibres made of?

A

myofibrils

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7
Q

what are myofibrils made of?

A

sarcomeres

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8
Q

what are the unit of contraction of the muscle cell?

A

sarcomeres

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9
Q

where does a sarcomere extend from?

A

one Z line to the next

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10
Q

what is a motor unit?

A

one motor neurone and all of the muscle fibres that it innervates

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11
Q

what does the number of muscle fibres in a motor unit determine?

A

how fine control is

less fibres = finer control

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12
Q

what is the synapse of a motor neurone called?

A

the neuromuscular junction

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13
Q

what are the three types of skeletal muscle fibre?

A

slow
IIA
IIB

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14
Q

what do slow skeletal muscle fibres depend on?

A

oxidative metabolism

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15
Q

describe slow skeletal muscle fibres

A

abundant mitochondria and myoglobin
resistant to fatigue
less force

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16
Q

what are slow skeletal muscle fibres often called?

A

red fibres

17
Q

what are type IIA skeletal muscle fibres?

A

intermediate speed fibres

18
Q

what are type IIB skeletal muscle fibres?

A

fast fibres

19
Q

what do type IIB skeletal muscle fibres depend on?

A

anaerobic metabolism

20
Q

what are type IIB skeletal muscle fibres often called?

A

white fibres

21
Q

how are the cells in cartilage nourished?

A

by diffusion through the extracellular matrix

22
Q

what are the cells within cartilage called when mature and immature?

A 
mature = chondrocytes 
immature = chondroblasts
23
Q

where do chondrocytes live?

A

the lacuna of the extracellular matrix

24
Q

what is the extracellular matrix composed of? (4)

A

water
organic material
- type II collagen
- proteoglycan aggregates

25
Q

what are the three types of cartilage?

A

hyaline
elastic
fibrocartilage

26
Q

what is the most common type of cartilage?

A

hyaline

27
Q

what makes elastic cartilage flexible?

A

addition of elastic fibres

28
Q

where is the majority of the bodies calcium located?

A

the bones

29
Q

what are the two types of bone?

A

cortical bone

cancellous/trabecular bone

30
Q

what is the diaphysis and what is it made of?

A

shaft of bone

cortical bone

31
Q

what is the epiphysis and what is it made of?

A

the end of a bone

cancellous bone

32
Q

what is woven bone?

A

bone formed during development or after a break

collagen fibres laid down in a haphazard fashion

not as strong

Y2 Musculoskeletal (37 decks)

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