Histology Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three principle types of muscle?

A

skeletal
cardiac
smooth

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2
Q

what are bundles of muscle fibres called?

A

fascicles

multiple fascicles = a muscle

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3
Q

what is the connective tissue that surrounds a whole muscle called?

A

epimysium

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4
Q

what is the connective tissue surrounding a fascicle called?

A

the perimysium

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5
Q

what is the connective tissue surrounding one muscle fibre called?

A

the endomysium

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6
Q

what are muscle fibres made of?

A

myofibrils

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7
Q

what are myofibrils made of?

A

sarcomeres

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8
Q

what are the unit of contraction of the muscle cell?

A

sarcomeres

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9
Q

where does a sarcomere extend from?

A

one Z line to the next

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10
Q

what is a motor unit?

A

one motor neurone and all of the muscle fibres that it innervates

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11
Q

what does the number of muscle fibres in a motor unit determine?

A

how fine control is

less fibres = finer control

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12
Q

what is the synapse of a motor neurone called?

A

the neuromuscular junction

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13
Q

what are the three types of skeletal muscle fibre?

A

slow
IIA
IIB

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14
Q

what do slow skeletal muscle fibres depend on?

A

oxidative metabolism

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15
Q

describe slow skeletal muscle fibres

A

abundant mitochondria and myoglobin
resistant to fatigue
less force

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16
Q

what are slow skeletal muscle fibres often called?

A

red fibres

17
Q

what are type IIA skeletal muscle fibres?

A

intermediate speed fibres

18
Q

what are type IIB skeletal muscle fibres?

A

fast fibres

19
Q

what do type IIB skeletal muscle fibres depend on?

A

anaerobic metabolism

20
Q

what are type IIB skeletal muscle fibres often called?

A

white fibres

21
Q

how are the cells in cartilage nourished?

A

by diffusion through the extracellular matrix

22
Q

what are the cells within cartilage called when mature and immature?

A
mature = chondrocytes 
immature = chondroblasts
23
Q

where do chondrocytes live?

A

the lacuna of the extracellular matrix

24
Q

what is the extracellular matrix composed of? (4)

A

water
organic material
- type II collagen
- proteoglycan aggregates

25
what are the three types of cartilage?
hyaline elastic fibrocartilage
26
what is the most common type of cartilage?
hyaline
27
what makes elastic cartilage flexible?
addition of elastic fibres
28
where is the majority of the bodies calcium located?
the bones
29
what are the two types of bone?
cortical bone | cancellous/trabecular bone
30
what is the diaphysis and what is it made of?
shaft of bone cortical bone
31
what is the epiphysis and what is it made of?
the end of a bone cancellous bone
32
what is woven bone?
bone formed during development or after a break collagen fibres laid down in a haphazard fashion not as strong