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Y2 Musculoskeletal > Muscle Disease > Flashcards

Muscle Disease Flashcards

1
Q

what does myopathy mean?

A

muscle disease

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2
Q

what are the two inflammatory myopathies?

A

polymyositis

dermatomyositis

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3
Q

who is more likely to suffer from an inflammatory myopathy?

A

females

ages 40-50

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4
Q

what are patients with inflammatory myopathies screened for and why?

A

malignancies

risk increased

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5
Q

what are the clinical features of polymyositis?

A

insidious onset muscle weakness

myalgia

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6
Q

what are the clinical features of dermatomyositis?

A

muscle weakness

skin involvement

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7
Q

what three skin signs are seen in dermatomyositis?

A

gottron’s sign
heliotrope rash
shawl sign

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8
Q

what is Gottron’s sign?

A

red/purple discolouration over the MCP/PIP joints

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9
Q

what is a heliotrope rash?

A

a red rash around the eyes

may be associated with oedema

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10
Q

what is the Shawl sign?

A

red/purple rash on the top of the back and the front of the chest

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11
Q

what other organs are commonly involved in inflammatory myopathies?

A

lungs
oesophagus
heart

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12
Q

what is often raised in bloods in inflammatory myopathies?

A

CK

inflammatory markers

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13
Q

what autoantibodies can be seen in inflammatory myopathies?

A

ANA - not specific

anti Jo 1 - specific

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14
Q

what clinical tests should be done in examination for inflammatory myopathies?

A

confrontational testing

sit to stand tetst

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15
Q

what investigations will be done for inflammatory myopathies?

A

EMG
muscle biopsy
MRI

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16
Q

how are inflammatory myopathies managed?

A

corticosteroids
immunosuppression
physio as needed

17
Q

who is affected by polymyalgia rheumatica?

A

almost exclusively >50’s

18
Q

what is polymyalgia rheumatica associated with?

A

temporal arteritis

19
Q

how does polymyalgia rheumatica present?

A

ache in the shoulders and hips
morning stiffness
reduced ROM

20
Q

how is polymyalgia rheumatica diagnosed?

A

clinical diagnosis with raised inflammatory markers

21
Q

what investigations should be done for suspected temporal arteritis?

A

temporal artery biopsy and USS

22
Q

how is polymyalgia rheumatica managed?

A

low dose steroids - start prednisolone 15mg daily

23
Q

how is polymyalgia rheumatica with GCA managed?

A

start prednisolone at 40-60mg daily

24
Q

what is the most common cause of MSK pain in women 22-50?

A

fibromyalgia

25
Q

when can fibromyalgia begin?

A

after emotional or physical trauma

26
Q

when can fibromyalgia be diagnosed?

A

widespread pain and associated symptoms

symptoms present for over 3 months

no other condition explains it

27
Q

what are the associated symptoms of fibromyalgia?

A

unrefreshed sleep
cognitive symptoms
fatigue

Y2 Musculoskeletal (37 decks)

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