Pathology - Arthritis Flashcards
what are the four seronegative spondyloarthropathies?
AS
reactive arthritis
enteric arthritis
psoriatic arthritis
what is the most common type of arthritis?
osteoarthritis
what causes osteoarthritis?
degenerative changes in the joint - ‘wear and tear’
what are the two types of OA?
primary
secondary
what is primary OA?
insidious OA with no cause
age related
what is secondary OA?
OA with a predisposing condition
what is the pathophysiology in OA?
degeneration of the cartilage with disordered repair
what four things are seen on x-ray of a joint with OA?
loss of joint space
subchondral sclerosis
subchondral cysts
osteophytes
what are osteophytes?
areas of disorganised bone remodelling
what is rheumatoid arthritis?
a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disorder
when does RA usually occur?
2nd - 4th decades
who is most commonly affected by RA?
females (3x as common)
describe the joint involvement in RA
symmetrical
small joints before large joints
what genes have been linked to RA?
HLA DRB1
what immunological component is formed in RA?
a pannus
what is a pannus?
an area of granulation tissue
what is seen on the bloods of someone with RA?
rheumatoid factor
anti CCP
what gene is associated with the seronegative spondyloarthropathies?
HLA B27
what joint is most commonly affected by the seronegative spondyloarthropathies?
sacro iliac joints
what joints are predominantly affected in psoriatic arthritis?
hands and feet - usually DIPJs
sacro-iliac joints in some cases
is joint involvement in psoriatic arthritis symmetrical?
not always
name two types of crystal arthropathies
gout
pseudogout
