Anatomy: Upper Limb

Question 1

what is the main important action of the rotator cuff muscles?

Answer 1

stabilise the head of the humerus in the glenoid

Question 2

what are the four muscles of the rotator cuff?

Answer 2

supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis

Question 3

where do the rotator cuff muscles insert?

Answer 3

greater tuberosity

subscapularis = lesser tuberosity

Question 4

how much of the humeral head is usually in contact with the glenoid fossa?

Answer 4

around a third

Question 5

what are the compartments of the arm?

Answer 5

anterior

posterior

Question 6

what are the compartments of the forearm?

Answer 6

anterior
lateral
posterior

Question 7

what is the arterial supply to the anterior arm?

Answer 7

brachial artery

Question 8

what is the venous drainage to the anterior arm?

Answer 8

brachial vein

Question 9

what nerve supplies the muscles of the anterior arm?

Answer 9

musculocutaneous

Question 10

what is the arterial supply to the posterior arm?

Answer 10

profunda brachii

Question 11

what is the nerve supply to the posterior arm?

Answer 11

radial nerve

Question 12

what is the arterial supply to the anterior forearm?

Answer 12

radial artery

ulnar artery

Question 13

what is the nerve supply to the anterior forearm?

Answer 13

median nerve

Question 14

what is the arterial supply to the posterior forearm?

Answer 14

interosseous artery

Question 15

what is the nerve supply to the posterior forearm?

Answer 15

radial nerve

Question 16

what is the arterial supply to the hand?

Answer 16

deep and superficial palmar arches

Question 17

what is the nerve supply to the hand?

Answer 17

ulnar nerve

median nerve

Question 18

what three muscles make up the anterior compartment of the arm?

Answer 18

biceps brachii
brachialis
coracobrachialis

Question 19

what are the actions of the anterior compartment of the arm?

Answer 19

flexion of the arm and forearm

Question 20

what muscle makes up the posterior compartment of the arm?

Answer 20

triceps brachii

Question 21

what are the actions of the posterior compartment of the arm?

Answer 21

extension of the arm and forearm

Question 22

what are the three layers of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

Answer 22

superficial
intermediate
deep

Question 23

what four muscles make up the superficial layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

Answer 23

pronator teres
flexor carpi radialis
palmaris longus
flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 24

what muscle makes up the intermediate layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

Answer 24

flexor digitorum superficialis

Question 25

what three muscles make up the deep layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

Answer 25

flexor pollicis longus flexor digitorum profundus pronator quadratus

Question 26

what muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm are not supplied by the median nerve, and what nerve supplies them?

Answer 26

flexor carpi ulnaris and ulnar half of flexor digitorum profundus the ulnar nerve

Question 27

what are the two layers of the posterior compartment of the forearm?

Answer 27

superficial | deep

Question 28

what are the SEVEN (why) muscles of the superficial layer of the posterior compartment of the forearm?

Answer 28

``` brachioradialis extensor carpi radialis longus extensor carpi radialis brevis extensor digiti minimi extensor carpi ulnaris extensor digitorum anconeus ```

Question 29

what five muscles make up the deep layer of the posterior compartment of the forearm?

Answer 29

``` supinator extensor pollicis brevis extensor indicis extensor pollicis longus abductor pollicis longus ```

Question 30

what are the two muscular eminences of the hand?

Answer 30

thenar eminence | hypothenar eminence

Question 31

what three muscles make up the thenar eminence?

Answer 31

abductor pollicis brevis flexor pollicis brevis opponens pollicis

Question 32

what nerve innervates the thenar eminence?

Answer 32

median nerve

Question 33

what three muscles make up the hypothenar eminence?

Answer 33

abductor digiti minimi flexor digiti minimi opponens digiti minimi

Question 34

what nerve innervates the hypothenar eminence?

Answer 34

ulnar nerve

Question 35

what muscles of the hand are supplied by the median nerve?

Answer 35

the LOAF muscles

Question 36

what are the LOAF muscles?

Answer 36

medial two lumbricals opponens pollicis abductor pollicis brevis flexor pollicis brevis

Question 37

how many lumbricals are there in each hand?

Answer 37

four

Question 38

where are the lumbricals attached?

Answer 38

flexor digitorum profundus

Question 39

what is the innervation of the lumbricals?

Answer 39

lateral two = median nerve | medial two = ulnar nerve

Question 40

what are the two types of interossei found in the hands?

Answer 40

dorsal | palmar

Question 41

what do the dorsal interossei do?

Answer 41

abduct the digits

Question 42

what do the palmar interossei do?

Answer 42

adduct the digits

Question 43

what nerve innervates the interossei?

Answer 43

ulnar nerve

Question 44

what provides sensory and motor innervation to the upper limb?

Answer 44

the brachial plexus

Question 45

where does the brachial plexus originate?

Answer 45

anterior rami of C5-T1

Question 46

how are the cords of the brachial plexus named?

Answer 46

according to their relationship to the axillary artery