Study Guide 5 (only vocab)

Question 1

Artaxerxes

Answer 1

king of Persia in 404 BC

Question 2

March of the Ten Thousand

Answer 2

sign of weakness, Greek mercenaries trying to escape from Artaxerxes after the battle between Cyrus and Artaxerxes over the Persian throne

Question 3

King’s Peace

Answer 3

Artaxerxes said that if the Greeks didn’t get along, he was going to invade them.

Question 4

Philip of Macedon

Answer 4

father to Alexander, ascended throne in 359 after being made regent by Perdikkas. He taught Greek phalanx to Macedonian soldiers, defeated Illyrians, and held off Athenians by surrendering a border city to them

Question 5

Olympias

Answer 5

Philip’s wife, obsession with snakes, Greek, mother of Alexander

Question 6

Alexander III (the Great)

Answer 6

son of Philip and Olympias, conquered more land than anyone between ages 20-30, traveled 20,000 miles with 40,000 soldiers for 12 years

Question 7

Bucephalas

Answer 7

Alexander’s stallion that he befriended (showed first sign of intelligence) and trained

Question 8

Hephaestion

Answer 8

best friend of Alex, maybe romantic interests

Question 9

Aristotle

Answer 9

tutor of Alexander, taught Alex meaning of life

Question 10

Battle of Chaeronea

Answer 10

where Alex proved valor in command over cavalry of 2000 (1st battle) and Macedonia conquers Greece

Question 11

Corinthian League

Answer 11

head=Alex, consisted of all Greek cities, except Sparta, and Macedonia, intent=attacking Persia

Question 12

Parmenio

Answer 12

Alex’s commander

Question 13

Achaemenid Empire

Answer 13

Persia and other nearby lands (Asia)

Question 14

Darius III

Answer 14

king of Persia while Alex was conquering

Question 15

Hellespont

Answer 15

Alex crosses it to fight the Persians near Troy

Question 16

Granicus River

Answer 16

near Troy, 1st battle between Persian and Macedonians. Persia loses because Darius was busy with Egypt and thought it was an insignificant threat. Ionian cities=freed, Alex cont. on to Sardis and Gordium, while Darius goes back to Babylon

Question 17

Tyre

Answer 17

332- conquered by Alex after holding out for 7 months, island fortress

Question 18

Issus

Answer 18

river, Darius’ army of 250,000 from Babylon and Alex meet here but Persians lose

Question 19

Lord of the Continent of Asia

Answer 19

Alex wants Darius to call him this and won’t accept surrender until he does

Question 20

Siwa

Answer 20

where Alex goes to find out if he is the son of Zeus

Question 21

Zeus-Ammon

Answer 21

another name for Zeus. Siwa=temple

Question 22

Gaugamela

Answer 22

battle=331, Persia loses despite odds against Macedonians

Question 23

Persepolis

Answer 23

Alex becomes drunk and sets fire to the palace. his men are appalled and he later feels badly for it

Question 24

Mallia

Answer 24

where Alexander is shot in ribs and lung, never recovered, walled city in India

Question 25

Babylon

Answer 25

where Darius retreats to, place of Alex's death

Question 26

Euclid

Answer 26

geometry, Greek in Alexandria Egypt, 300

Question 27

Archimedes

Answer 27

principle of gravity, law of floating bodies, used levers, pulleys, and screws to invent things like catapults, Sicily, 287-212

Question 28

Cynics

Answer 28

hatred of power and worldly possessions

Question 29

Stoics

Answer 29

acceptance, courage, patience, human brotherhood. this influenced Christianity

Question 30

Epicurean

Answer 30

no life after death, pleasure and pain determine what is good and bad, life is to be enjoyed especially by knowledge

Question 31

proskynesis

Answer 31

kiss of hand and salute, bow, kneel, or prostration, sign of respect among Persians but only for gods in Greece. deeply offended men.