Chapter 65 and Peloponnesian War

Question 1

Hellenic League

Answer 1

An area in Greece including Sparta and Athens

Question 2

Pausanias

Answer 2

Supreme commander of the Hellenic League, victor at the Plataea, Ionians claimed he was a tyrant and was working for Xerxes (which he was), nephew of Leonides

Question 3

Mardonius

Answer 3

Xerxes’ son in law who was defeated at Plataea

Question 4

Xanthippius

Answer 4

Native general and commander of Athenian forces (lead then up the Bosphorus Strait to besiege Byzantium), took supreme control of Ionia when Pausanias was convicted. He then refused to let it go.

Question 5

Pericles

Answer 5

Son of Xanthippius, elected to military commander

Question 6

Artaxerxes

Answer 6

Told to avenge his father by Artabanos who killed him; left as heir; later kills Artabanos

Question 7

Esther

Answer 7

Became wife of Xerxes after he became very indulgent

Question 8

Peace of Nicias

Answer 8

Peace that lasted 6 years; negotiated by Athenian leader named Nicias

Question 9

Alcibiades

Answer 9

Extravagant man with a lisp

Question 10

War on Sicily

Answer 10

Egesta called for help against two other cities. It was a disastrous attack with few survivors. Nicias was also killed.

Question 11

Pericles Funeral Oration

Answer 11

A speech that honored the Athenians who died in the 1st battle (the Battle of Sybota) and lists the superiorities of Athenian civilization (ie. freedom, education, democracy, etc.)

Question 12

Why did Sparta want to abandon the Ionian colonies? What changed their minds?

Answer 12

They didn’t want to stand guard over Ionia forever. Athens convinced Sparta because they didn’t want Athens to become the leader of the Hellenic League.

Question 13

What action by the Athenians in the Greek homeland provoked the Spartans toward war?

Answer 13

The rebuilding of Athens because Sparta wanted to be the leader of Greece

Question 14

What role did Themistocles play in resolving this issue?

Answer 14

He traveled to Sparta as slowly as possible so the walls could be rebuilt to minimum height to avoid an attack from Sparta.

Question 15

What happened to Themistocles?

Answer 15

He rebuilt Athens and enhanced its security by burning ships of other cities and demanding/gathering money from islands: he said the people owed him for saving Athens. He was then ostracized. He was then accused of having Persian ties as well, so an assassin was sent. He eluded him until he reached the Persian court where he told them he would be an advisor on Greek affairs in return for paying the price on his head. He never told any secrets except about their culture and died at the age of 65 from illness or poison.

Question 16

What happened to the Spartan hero, Pausanias?

Answer 16

He was put on trial after rumors in Ionia said he was working with Xerxes (which he was). He was then acquitted and realized he was at risk to be re-arrested and put back on trail. He took sanctuary in a temple where he was locked up and starved to death by the soldiers waiting for him.

Question 17

What were the Long Walls?

Answer 17

They were ordered by Pericles. The walls from Athens down to the port of Pireus so they could still get water without a fear of getting attacked. They stretched 8 miles long.

Question 18

480

Answer 18

Battles of Thermopylae and Salamis

Question 19

479

Answer 19

Battle of Plataea- Mardonis defeated, Pausanias victorious

Question 20

later… 479

Answer 20

Battle of Mycale: Greece navy chased Persian navy until they went ashore at Mycale where the Ionians pretended to be loyal but then lead them to the Greeks where they were defeated

Question 21

477:

Answer 21

Delian League founded with Athens at its head; Peloponnesian League with Sparta at its head

Question 22

472-71

Answer 22

Themistocles is ostracized

Question 23

460

Answer 23

Delian League pratically becomes an Athenian Empire

Question 24

454

Answer 24

treasury moved from Delos to Athens

Question 25

452

Answer 25

five years truce between Athens and Sparta

Question 26

451-429

Answer 26

Pericles in Athens

Question 27

446

Answer 27

Thirty Years Peace which only lasted for 14 years

Question 28

435

Answer 28

war begins over Cocyra in Corinth Battle of Sybota (opening shot of Peloponnesian War)

Question 29

430

Answer 29

Plague in Athens

Question 30

429

Answer 30

Pericles dies

Question 31

421-420

Answer 31

Peace of Nicias

Question 32

415

Answer 32

Alcibiades’ charade

Question 33

413

Answer 33

Disaster at Syracuse

Question 34

412

Answer 34

Athens’ allies begin to revolt

Question 35

407

Answer 35

naval battle between Delian and Peloponnesian League; Persia is allies with Sparta

Question 36

404

Answer 36

Athens surrenders; rule of the Thirty

Question 37

What happened with Alcibiades?

Answer 37

convinces Athens to answer Egesta to conquer Syracuse, betrays Athens to Sparta when things look bad: 8 years of war, betrays Spartan king Agis by adultery, runs to Persia, betrays Persia by running off to Athens with gold, betrays Athens and goes to Phrygia, finally killed under the orders from Spartan commander, Lysander