Study Guide 3

Question 1

ostracize

Answer 1

when the Greeks voted to kick out a dislike politician from Athens for 10 years

Question 2

arete

Answer 2

excellence in contests and struggles

Question 3

polis

Answer 3

Greek for city; means a community of people where cultural, religious, political, economic, and social aspects are found

Question 4

hoplite

Answer 4

heavily armed infantry that were trained for solidarity and discipline

Question 5

Sea People

Answer 5

Mycenaean mercenaries (Mycenaeans who hired themselves as mercenaries after the Trojan war); these people also contributed to the downfall of Egypt

Question 6

relocation

Answer 6

the people choose to leave

Question 7

dislocation

Answer 7

the people are forced to leave

Question 8

oikos

Answer 8

household

Question 9

acropolis

Answer 9

a fortified citadel or a hill in a city

Question 10

agora

Answer 10

a marketplace where life happened: Example) Scholars and philosophers could go here to talk

Question 11

iron

Answer 11

main metal of the Rise out of the Dark Ages

Question 12

metropolis

Answer 12

mother city

Question 13

panhellenic

Answer 13

all of Greece

Question 14

phalanx

Answer 14

rectangular formation that was 8 ranks deep

Question 15

stadion

Answer 15

200 yd. sprint which was the principle event of the Olympics. We also get the word stadium from it.

Question 16

perioikoi

Answer 16

Spartan captives who were free but were not considered citizens but were taxed and had to serve in the military

Question 17

helots

Answer 17

Spartan captives who became slaves

Question 18

tyrants

Answer 18

men who came in who had some magnificent vision in there mind which everyone like so they came to power through a “coup d’etat”

Question 19

Aeropagus

Answer 19

aristocratic council (Athenian)

Question 20

archon

Answer 20

(the council of archons) made 9 citizens who advise the Aeropagus, middle source of power (Athenian)

Question 21

ekklesia

Answer 21

civilian council, lowest source of power (Athenian)

Question 22

ephors

Answer 22

supervised the kings and the principles of war (Spartan)

Question 23

Draco

Answer 23

An Athenian who was very severe; he chose death to be the punishment for even the smallest offense. This is how we got the word, Draconian, which means a severe or extreme measure

Question 24

Solon

Answer 24

An Athenian who cancelled debts, made wealth not birth determine standing in the Aeropagus, upward political mobility in Aeropagus, 4 classes of wealth with varying degrees of power

Question 25

Dorians

Answer 25

couldn’t write, build with stone or brick, or make bronze. They were barbarians, unsophisticated and not “battle hardened”

Question 26

Arcadians

Answer 26

what the Mycenaean people called themselves to differentiate themselves form their ancestors

Question 27

coup d’etat

Answer 27

a stroke of state (one quick, decisive, successful action to take power) How tyrants came to power

Question 28

oligarchy

Answer 28

rule by a few

Question 29

How did Greek topography shape their culture and history?

Answer 29

The Greeks are geographically fragmented because of their mountains. This created social fragmentation. They couldn’t solve any of there problems because they didn’t even like each other, so they did not have political unity. Also, because of the mountains, not a lot of things grew in that terrain, so their major exports were grapes/wine, olives, and pottery. This worked out perfectly because they then just traded with people in Spain, Italy, and the Black Sea area for the rest of their needs. Spain and Italy imported grain and metals. The East (Black Sea area) imported fish, timber, wheat, slaves, etc. This trade also united them.

Question 30

What is a dark age? Give specific examples of how these characteristics applied to ancient Greece.

Answer 30

1. Written records were few and scattered.
2. Major social structures disintegrate: political, defensive, and economics
3. Significant drop in population due to famine or disease, relocation, dislocation, or war.
   Examples) 1. The Dorians could not write, so there obviously would be no written records. 2. In economics, palatial cultures disintegrated. 3. The population decreased due to the Trojan War.

Question 31

What are some contributions of Homer’s epic tales, The Iliad and The Odyssey, on the emergence of classical Greek civilization?

Answer 31

The epics gave the Greeks cultural unity which meant they were brought back together because they had a common history, a common bloodline, and a common language.

Question 32

How is it ironic that The Iliad and The Odysseus helped to lead the Greeks out og their dark age?

Answer 32

The epics were about how Greece fell, but they also brought the Greeks out of the dark ages.

Question 33

What is the difference between political unity and cultural unity? What is their relationship to national unity?

Answer 33

Cultural and political unity make up national identity, which is the idea that a country had to identify itself. Greece was unique because it did not have political unity which is one of the reasons why it has had so much trouble over the years.

Question 34

What Homeric ideals formed the basis of arete?

Answer 34

The values in Homer’s champions in the epics formed the basis of arete. These values consist of loyalty, courage, intelligence, and honor.

Question 35

How was Greek aristocracy different from aristocracy as we usually know it?

Answer 35

The aristocracy was based on wealth or the person’s “Homeric ideals”, not birth. If you did not have this, you could lose your status on the council.

Question 36

How did iron reshape the Western world?

Answer 36

Weaponry was more accessible in the world because there was more production of it. Everyone had a weapon for self-defense, but it also brought on 2000 ears of war.

Question 37

What were some elements and outcomes of the Olympic Games in Greece?

Answer 37

Held in honor of Zeus, held in Olympia, every 4 years, the person competing would bring honor t himself not his city, all wars stopped for an era of peace which did them good when confronted by a common foe, started out with only wrestling and running, but then later added horse and chariot racing. conducted naked (gymnos- how we get the word gymnasium), principle event was the stadion, married women were not allowed to watch, but unmarried women were allowed, unmarried woman also held their own separate games in honor of Hera, panhellenic, eventually, professional class of athletes appeared and earned a good living, one of most decorated: Milo of Croton in South Italy = 6 time wrestling champion

Question 38

How did warfare change in the new age of Greece?

Answer 38

phalanxes of hoplites, the nobles and peasants fought together which created bonds, but it could allow for rebellion

Question 39

How did the new Greek military ideas influence our warfare today?

Answer 39

We now engage our enemies head on, we have citizen-soldiers, not mercenaries who could easily betray us, technology drives our military like the Greeks (if they found a way to make something better, they would use it), and we have excellent armor and weapons. Also, ground troops are essential to us and to the Greeks. Calvary was useless once the horse were shot, and siege towers were hard to maneuver.

Question 40

Which 2 gods fought over the right to be the patron of Athens? What did they offer to the Athenians?

Answer 40

Poseidon and Athena fought over the patronage. Poseidon offered a spring of water to the Athenians, and Athena offered them an olive tree. The Athenians chose Athena.

Question 41

What are the 3 forms of government which failed in Athens? How might this have led to democracy?

Answer 41

The 3 forms are aristocracy, oligarchy, and tyrants. These did not work because they were only led by a small group of people who had different opinions on things, so there was a lot of fighting.

Question 42

What are some characteristics of Sparta and Athens? How are they similar and different?

Answer 42

Sparta: lived in the Peleponnesian League (Laconia), they valued stability, order, and conformity, they had a dual kingship which was hereditary (they controlled the military, the religion, and the politics, also had college of ephors which supervised the kings, thier main focus was war (sacrificed freedom for it) took captives (helots and perioikoi), grew increasingly xenophobic and isolated. Athens: Delian League (Attica), valued individuality and freedom, system of government: Ekklesia- assembly made of citizens who advise the Council of Nine Archons who advised the Aeropagus, they were focused on politics and keeping the country together, cycle of debt and forgiveness of debt: 2 men- Solon and Draco. similarities: state was the greatest good, HAD TO OBEY THE LAWS!!

Question 43

What is Aristotle’s view of state? Who was significant, who was not and why? What was the relationship between the state and the individuals?

Answer 43

The state was the greatest good. The free Greek men were significant. Non-Greek barbarian women were not because Aristotle was ethnocentric and thought that the Greeks were the best. The individuals were to serve the state because they belonged to it.

Question 44

What is Aristotle’s worldview and how would it compare to ours?

Answer 44

Theology: Aristotle attributes it to Nature, and if there really was a god, he says he is impersonal and does not deal in any human affairs. We believe that there is a God that is personal and interferes with our daily lives. Anthropology: Nature determines who rules and how they rule and who serves. We believe that God creates all people equal and in the image of God. Problem: Barbarian, non-Greek, slave women We believe that the problem is sin. Solution: Aristotile believes that it is the state. We believe it is Christ. Truth: Aristotle believes that that it comes form Nature, and we believe it comes form God and the Holy Bible.

Question 45

What is the difference between the relationship of mainland Greeks and the Greeks who lived in colonies?

Answer 45

When the Greeks sent undesirable people out to colonize, the colonies they establish usually grow to be independent of the metropolis. But, the Greeks want to spread their culture and civilization, so they kept in touch with the colonies.