Study Guide 5 (only questions) Flashcards
What was the state of Athens and Sparta immediately following the Peloponnesian War?
Athens- women were left homeless and husbandless, desolate, angry, 70,000 died from war and plague, Long Walls ripped down
Sparta- needed to plant and harvest again but many went to Artaxerxes II
What were scythed chariots and when did they make their first appearance in battle?
chariots with swords in their wheels, 1 meter long, Gaugamela
What were 2 major indicators of the weakness of Persia under Artaxerxes?
- the loss of Egypt
2. the inability to control or detain 10,000 Greeks (mercenary soldiers) on the March of the Ten Thousand
What ideal did Isocrates advance?
Isocrates, an Athenian orator and rhetoric teacher, advanced the idea of pan-hellenism through his book/pamphlet called the Panegyricus. It was written to beg Greeks to recognize their common heritage.
Why did Alexander go to the desert shrine in Siwa?
to find out if he truly was the son of Zeus
How did Alexander’s behavior in the conquered Persian empire begin to work against him in the eyes of his fellow Macedonians?
He began to adopt the Persian culture more and more. He uses concubines, wears a white robe, and makes people kiss him on the hand to show honor and respect to him. He also kept pushing his soldiers farther and farther to keep fighting when they had already conquered sooo much land. They wanted to go home. became wildly drunk
Describe the events at Mallia in India.
Mallia was one of the tribes next to the river that the Macedonians were using to travel back towards Macedonia. A prophecy was uttered before the battle that Alexander would be fatally wounded, but he ignored it after being advised to sit this battle out. Alexander lead the front lines. They came across a wall that separated them from the interior of the settlement. Alexander was the first to scale this wall, but when he looked behind him, his comrades were still busy beneath him (although they were trying to climb up as fast as they could to protect their king). Alexander is shot between the ribs and into one lung by one of the archers. His soldiers rush to help him. They are able to remove the arrow and the arrowhead. Alexander survives but remains weak for a long time afterwards. The Macedonians do end up conquering Mallia. He is forced to keep going on their journey home even through treacherous heat.
Why did Alexander have to turn back after the battle of Mallia?
After conquering Persia, the soldiers became indignant and refused to go on to capture India. They had enough of fighting (they had done it for 10+ years). They wanted to go home. They had already conquered more land than imaginable at the time. India would be worthless. Alexander became angry, hid in his tent, and refused to move for 3 days, but he finally consents.
Describe the end of Alexander’s life.
When Hepaestion dies, Alexander is devastated. Either from an illness, alcohol, a disease, or the fact that he lost the will to live may have all contributed to his death. He was sick for 10 days before he died on June 10, 324 BC.
Who did he marry?
Roxanne
What was the difference between the Macedonian phalanx and the Greek phalanx?
less body armor, 15-18 ft pikes with counterweights
