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History > European History SG - Age of Exploration and Absolutism > Flashcards

European History SG - Age of Exploration and Absolutism Flashcards

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1
Q

What were the five motives for exploration?

A
  1. search for new trade routes
  2. quest for gold
  3. desire for adventures and glory
  4. religious concerns - trying to stop Muslims and heathens from expanding
  5. competition among European nations
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2
Q

Name the five navigational aids crucial to the success of the explorers.

A
  1. maps
  2. compass
  3. astrolabe
  4. quadrant
  5. cross-staff
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3
Q

What is a caravel? How is it similar or different to ships that were built before it?

A
  • seagoing vessel - lighter and faster with two kinds of sails: large square sails for power and small triangular sails for maneuverability, high sides, deep, broad for oceans storms/waves
  • previous: oared ships, one type of sail, could not power supplies across the water
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4
Q

Bartolomeu Dias

A
  • King of Portugal sent him around Africa to India for trade route
  • storm as they rounded tip of Africa, headed back around and saw rocky cape (“Cape of storms” then “Cape of Good Hope”)
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5
Q

Vasco de Gama

A
  • found wider trade route to India following currents and broke Muslim trade monopoly bc heavy artillery of Portuguese ships
  • trade route followed by sailors
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6
Q

Christopher Columbus

A
  • appealed to Portuguese king to finance trip but said no
  • King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain agree to finance trip
  • Oct. 12, 1492 - San Salvador (“Holy Savior”), thought it was East Indies but Bahamas
  • also sailed down South America, thinking it was Japan
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7
Q

Amerigo Vespucci

A
  • sailed west for Spain to find out why Columbus wasn’t coming back with riches
  • declared them new continents
  • Waldseemüller (German mapmaker) first to call them Americas
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8
Q

Ferdinand Magellan

A
  • circumnavigation of the earth
  • only returned with one ship
  • killed in Philippines by natives
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9
Q

Vasco Nunez de Balboa

A

Pacific, “South Sea”

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10
Q

Hernando Cortes

A

Mexico City and Aztecs

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11
Q

Bartolome de Las Casas

A

RCC friar and missionary to the Indians

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12
Q

What was the Line of Demarcation and what were its results?

A
  • division of the world between Spain (west) and Portugal (east), avoiding disputes about trade rights and territory
  • encouraged Portugal to colonize Africa, East Indies, and the tip of Brazil, Spain = all of the New World, could no longer go around tip of Africa to India so had to find a new route
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13
Q

dates of Line of Demarcation and Treaty of Tordesillas

A

1493 and 94

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14
Q

Jacques Cartier

A

Quebec

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15
Q

Samuel de Champlain

A

Montreal

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16
Q

Jacques Marquette and Louis Joliet

A

Mississippi River

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17
Q

Henry Hudson

A

Dutch, searching for route to East Indies, 1st trip: New Amsterdam, 2nd trip: Hudson Bay

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18
Q

John Cabot

A

Canada, English

19
Q

John Smith

A

Jamestown, Virginia, 1607, English

20
Q

Who ended up with India?

A

English

21
Q

Who was Frances Xavier?

A

Jesuit missionary came to Japan

22
Q

What was the Chinese and Japanese attitude toward the European traders?

A

hated missionaries, Japan open to Europeans for a few years, but then closed with the Chinese

23
Q

What are the changes in Europe’s business thinking and practice during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries called?

A

Commercial Revolution

24
Q

What was the dominant economic policy of most European nations during the Age of Exploration?

A

mercantilism- believed that newly found wealth should benefit mother country

25
Q

What was the purpose of colonies under this economic policy?

A
  • supplied country with raw materials and markets for products
  • not allowed to produce anything that the country produced
26
Q

Capitalism

A

investing money to advance wealth

27
Q

Joint-stock company

A

invested money in companies and were issued stock certificates

28
Q

capital

A

supply of money

29
Q

dividends

A

profits given to stock holders/investors

30
Q

prospectus

A

details of a proposed business venture

31
Q

During the 17th and 18th centuries, what did European rulers want to do?

A

-make their political power absolute (unrestrained)

32
Q

How did they increase their authority?

A
  1. control over finances, religion, and nobility
  2. increasing the size of the standing army and developing a navy
  3. increasing bureaucracy (administrators of the government) and making it an instrument of their royal will
  4. increasing territory through war if necessary
33
Q

How did they establish their authority?

A

“Divine Right”- weren’t bound by manmade laws, only responsible to God for their actions

34
Q

Who was King Louis Xlll’s chief minister and how did he strengthen the power of the king?

A

Cardinal Richelieu

  1. destroying the Huguenots
  2. weakening the nobility
35
Q

How did he destroy the Huguenots?

A
  1. forced them to house French soldiers
  2. ordered their children to be taken and raised by Roman Catholics
  3. sent spies to their churches
36
Q

How did he weaken the nobility?

A
  1. removed them from positions of authority in local governments and replaced them with intendents, officials directly responsible to the king
  2. destroyed many of their castles
37
Q

Why did Louis Xlll side with the Protestants during the Thirty Years’ War? Who won? What was the peace called?

A

supported the Protestants’ rebellion against the Roman Catholic HRE to limit the HRE’s power, French-Protestant victory, peace of Westphalia

38
Q

What were the results of the peace of Westphalia?

A
  1. treaties recognized the independence of the Protestant provinces of the Netherlands and Swiss confederacy
  2. Germany = politically fragmented, recognized over 300 independent German states
  3. France emerged as the strongest nation on the continent of Europe
39
Q

How long did King Louis XlV reign?

A

72 years

40
Q

Financial and military policies of Louis XlV

A
  1. Jean Baptist Colbert becomes minister of finance, taking greater government control of the French economy
  2. recognized the French army by weakening the influence of the nobility over the troops
41
Q

religious policies of Louis XlV

A

revoked the Edict of Nantes in 1685, taking away the Huguenot’s freedom to worship, causing 250,000-500,000 left France

42
Q

How did Louis XIV use Versailles to showcase his power?

A

required nobility to stay at palace for a part of the year so that they couldn’t plot against him, Apollo Basin, Hall of Mirrors, gardens

43
Q

foreign policies of Louis XlV

A
  1. extended boundaries to Pyrenees, Alps, and the Rhine

2. because of his building programs, it almost bankrupted France

44
Q

Who ascended the throne after Elizabeth l?

A

James lV of Scotland, cousin of Elizabeth l

History (53 decks)

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