study drugs Flashcards
what are study drugs called ?
nootropics
what are the 3 commonly used “smart drugs”?
1.Ritalin
2.Modafinil
3.Adderall
What prescribed usage for medication does Ritalin ?
-attention deficit
-hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)
what mode of action does Ritalin have , what does do for cognition
DA, NA, 5HT
increased alertness and focus
what are the 4 side effects and problems of Ritalin?
-agitation
-appetite
-poor sleep
-addiction
What is prescribed usage for modafinil?
-Narcolepsy
-Shift work sleep disorder
what is the mode of action of modafinil and what does it do for cognition?
-DA
-NA
-Histamine
-GABA
-increased concentration, focus, motivation and stamina
what effects are there modafinil?
-appetite
-urination
-poor sleep
-divergant creativity and rash
what is the prescribed usage for Adderall?
-attention deficit
-hyperactivity disorder
-narcolepsy
what mode of action does adderall have and what does it do for cognition?
DA
NA
5HT
increased alertness and focus
what are the side effects of adderall?
-bladder problems
-lower back/pain
-cardiovascular problems
-behavioural/psychological problems
what 3 transmitters are involved in studying?
1.dopamine
2.serotonin
3.noradrenaline
What effect of learning is there on Dopamine?
salience(choosing what to focus on), reward, motivation
what drug is affects dopamine?
Methylphenidate
what 3 things on serotonin effect learning?
-mood
-altertness
-sleep
what drug effects serotonin ?
methylphenidate
what 3 things does noradrenaline?
1.mood
2. alertness
3.attention
what drug affects noradrenaline?
methylphenidate
what affects on learning does glutamate have ?
excitatory neurotransmitter
what drug affects glutamate?
modafinil
what impacts does dopamine have on the brain?
what does increased dopamine ?
release increases attention and reward
what 2 things does stimulants include?
1.cocaine
2.amphetamine
what is cocaine?
a class A drug, that acts by preventing the reuptake of monoamine neurotransmitters via the monoamine transporter (MAT).
what properties does cocaine have?
indirect sympathomimetic properties.
what syndrome does cocaine include?
dependency syndrome.
what is the functions of amphetamines ?
act to increase feelings of arousal and energy
what are amphetamines ?
increasing monoamine concentration in the synaptic cleft.
what do amphetamines act on?
VMAT (vesicular monoamine transporter) which carries the monoamines into the vesicles for release
what does modafanil do?
stimulants to increase dopamine levels
what are the 3 main mechanisms of modafanil?
1.Reverse MAT
2.Block VMAT
3.Inhibit MAO
how does the limbic system work in learning?
Learning
Memory
Emotion
Perception
Attention
how does frontal cortex work in learning?
Concentration
Curiosity
Focus
Motivation
Memory
Planning
Awareness
what are Association areas?
Integration
Attention
what does triggering the reward pathway lead to ?
results in a positive experience- it focuses on the positive aspect of the experience
what does the reward pathway lead to ?
seeking of similar experiences to obtain further positive feelings.
what class are the 2 drugs Ritalin((methylphenidate) and Adderall((amphetamine + dextroamphetamine) in?
class b
what is modafinil licensed for?
narcolepsy and is prescription only
-illegal to buy without prescription
-not illegal to buy
Caffeine( methylxanthin)
-addictive in nature
-associated with withdrawal symptoms
what are the 3 mechanisms of action of caffeine?
Antagonism of A2A adenosine receptors
Increasing monoamine transmission
Increasing intracellular calcium release
how can these appraoches help aid learning and exam performance?
Motivation (good mood)
Good sleep hygiene
Breathwork
Regular exercise
Caffeine (in moderation)
Organisation (have a plan!)
Focus
Team working
Testing
High (but realistic) expectations
what are natural nootropics classed as ?
food supplements
