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mental health + neurobiology > study drugs > Flashcards

study drugs Flashcards

1
Q

what are study drugs called ?

A

nootropics

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2
Q

what are the 3 commonly used “smart drugs”?

A

1.Ritalin
2.Modafinil
3.Adderall

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3
Q

What prescribed usage for medication does Ritalin ?

A

-attention deficit
-hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)

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4
Q

what mode of action does Ritalin have , what does do for cognition

A

DA, NA, 5HT
increased alertness and focus

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5
Q

what are the 4 side effects and problems of Ritalin?

A

-agitation
-appetite
-poor sleep
-addiction

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6
Q

What is prescribed usage for modafinil?

A

-Narcolepsy
-Shift work sleep disorder

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7
Q

what is the mode of action of modafinil and what does it do for cognition?

A

-DA
-NA
-Histamine
-GABA
-increased concentration, focus, motivation and stamina

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8
Q

what effects are there modafinil?

A

-appetite
-urination
-poor sleep
-divergant creativity and rash

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9
Q

what is the prescribed usage for Adderall?

A

-attention deficit
-hyperactivity disorder
-narcolepsy

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10
Q

what mode of action does adderall have and what does it do for cognition?

A

DA
NA
5HT
increased alertness and focus

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11
Q

what are the side effects of adderall?

A

-bladder problems
-lower back/pain
-cardiovascular problems
-behavioural/psychological problems

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12
Q

what 3 transmitters are involved in studying?

A

1.dopamine
2.serotonin
3.noradrenaline

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13
Q

What effect of learning is there on Dopamine?

A

salience(choosing what to focus on), reward, motivation

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14
Q

what drug is affects dopamine?

A

Methylphenidate

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15
Q

what 3 things on serotonin effect learning?

A

-mood
-altertness
-sleep

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16
Q

what drug effects serotonin ?

A

methylphenidate

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17
Q

what 3 things does noradrenaline?

A

1.mood
2. alertness
3.attention

18
Q

what drug affects noradrenaline?

A

methylphenidate

19
Q

what affects on learning does glutamate have ?

A

excitatory neurotransmitter

20
Q

what drug affects glutamate?

A

modafinil

21
Q

what impacts does dopamine have on the brain?

A
22
Q

what does increased dopamine ?

A

release increases attention and reward

23
Q

what 2 things does stimulants include?

A

1.cocaine
2.amphetamine

24
Q

what is cocaine?

A

a class A drug, that acts by preventing the reuptake of monoamine neurotransmitters via the monoamine transporter (MAT).

25
Q

what properties does cocaine have?

A

indirect sympathomimetic properties.

26
Q

what syndrome does cocaine include?

A

dependency syndrome.

27
Q

what is the functions of amphetamines ?

A

act to increase feelings of arousal and energy

28
Q

what are amphetamines ?

A

increasing monoamine concentration in the synaptic cleft.

29
Q

what do amphetamines act on?

A

VMAT (vesicular monoamine transporter) which carries the monoamines into the vesicles for release

30
Q

what does modafanil do?

A

stimulants to increase dopamine levels

31
Q

what are the 3 main mechanisms of modafanil?

A

1.Reverse MAT
2.Block VMAT
3.Inhibit MAO

32
Q

how does the limbic system work in learning?

A

Learning
Memory
Emotion
Perception
Attention

33
Q

how does frontal cortex work in learning?

A

Concentration
Curiosity
Focus
Motivation
Memory
Planning
Awareness

34
Q

what are Association areas?

A

Integration
Attention

35
Q

what does triggering the reward pathway lead to ?

A

results in a positive experience- it focuses on the positive aspect of the experience

36
Q

what does the reward pathway lead to ?

A

seeking of similar experiences to obtain further positive feelings.

37
Q

what class are the 2 drugs Ritalin((methylphenidate) and Adderall((amphetamine + dextroamphetamine) in?

A

class b

38
Q

what is modafinil licensed for?

A

narcolepsy and is prescription only
-illegal to buy without prescription
-not illegal to buy

39
Q

Caffeine( methylxanthin)

A

-addictive in nature
-associated with withdrawal symptoms

40
Q

what are the 3 mechanisms of action of caffeine?

A

Antagonism of A2A adenosine receptors
Increasing monoamine transmission
Increasing intracellular calcium release

41
Q

how can these appraoches help aid learning and exam performance?

A

Motivation (good mood)
Good sleep hygiene
Breathwork
Regular exercise
Caffeine (in moderation)
Organisation (have a plan!)
Focus
Team working
Testing
High (but realistic) expectations

42
Q

what are natural nootropics classed as ?

A

food supplements

mental health + neurobiology (45 decks)

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