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neuroanatomy tell Flashcards

1
Q

afferent neurons

A

carry information to the cns

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1
Q

divisions of nervous system in order

A

central nervous system, peripheral system. motor, sensory , somatic, autonomic nervous system, sympathetic +parasympathetic

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2
Q

efferent neurons

A

carry information away from cns

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3
Q

what is the 3rd nervous system

A

enteric nervous system

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4
Q

3 anatomical planes

A

1.coronal
2.axial(horizontal or transverse)
3.sagittal

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5
Q

4 main orientation that can change with the body position

A

1.rostral(nose end)
2.caudal(tail end)
3.ventral(belly)
4.dorsal(back)

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6
Q

another 4 things that indicate orientation if position changes

A

1.anterior
2.posterior
3.superior
4.inferior

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7
Q

another term of for dorsal columns which are located in spinal cord

A

posterior columns

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8
Q

cerebral hemisphere location

A

situated between cerebrum and the brainstem is the diencephalon: the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus.

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9
Q

what is the function of cerebral hemisphere function

A

higher reasoning, abstract thought, audio and visual processing, and memory.

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10
Q

what are the 3 things cerebral hemisphere characterised by?

A

1.gyrci
2.sulci
3.fissures

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11
Q

function of gyrci

A

peaks formed by the folding of the cortical tissue

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12
Q

function of sucri

A

grooves between the folds of tissue.

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13
Q

function of fissures

A

describe larger folds, e.g. the lateral fissure separates the temporal lobe from the frontal lobe.

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14
Q

what is the basal ganglia located ?

A

located deep within the white matter of the cerebral hemispheres.

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15
Q

what is the function of the basal ganglia?

A

groups of neurons that help to control and fine tune movement.

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16
Q

what are the 4 main nuclie of the basal ganglia?

A

1.Caudate nucleus
2.Putamen
3.Globus pallidus
4.Subthalamic nuclei

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17
Q

What is the function of limbic system located?

A

interconnected group of deep cortical nuclei that are involved in emotions and memory.

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18
Q

what are the 5 areas the limbic system involves ?

A

1.Amygdala
2.Hippocampus
3.Fornix
4.Mammillary bodies
5.Cingulate gyrus

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19
Q

where is the brain stem located?

A

base of the skull and is continuous with the spinal cord

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20
Q

what are three things that the brainstem comprised of?

A

1.midbrain
2.pons
3.medulla oblongata

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21
Q

what is the function of the brainstem?

A

involved in sensory-motor relays and regulating vital autonomic functions (heart rate, respiration rate, sleeping, eating

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22
Q

where is the cerebellum located?

A

base of the brain, below the cerebral cortex and behind the brainstem.

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23
Q

what is the function of the cerebellum?

A

timing and planning of movement, memory and posture.

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24
what is the spinal cord
continuation of the brain stem
25
what is the function of the brain stem?
relaying sensory and motor information between the cerebral cortex, cerebellum and organs and limbs.
26
in the nervous system, what is the saggital?
where a line has been drawn down through the middle of the brain and the cuts being made along there
27
in the central nervous system, what is the Longitudinal fissure in the brain?
division of the 2 cerebral hemispheres
28
in the central nervous system, what is the gyrus?
between the ridges of the brain -it is the dips running along the surface of the brain
29
what is the function of gyrus?
allow brain to fold into many folds -increase effective surface area and communication for cells
30
in the central nervous system, what is the post central gyrus ?
main sensory strip control senses we feel in the body
31
in the central nervous system, what is the precentral gyrus?
frontal lobe on this motor strip- controls movement off the body and then behind
32
in the central nervous system what is the central sulcus?
separates frontal from parietal lobes
33
in the central nervous system what is the lateral sulcus?
separates the temporal lobe from frontal and parietal lobes
34
in the central nervous system, what is poles?
any tip of a thing for example for the occipital lobe there will be an occipital pole
35
in the central nervous system, what is the Corpus callosum
huge fibre pathway that connects left and right hemisphere
36
in the central nervous system, what is the optic chiasm and tract?
this is where fibres crossover. The tract feeds into the brain and information are sent back round to the brain to the occipital lobe where it gets processed. Visual pathway comes in crosses over and travels back to the edges of the brain
37
in the central nervous system,where does the pituitary gland and its function?
sits in skull-releases hormones
38
where does the left brain control the right side of the body and visa versa?
fibre pathways cross over
39
what is the function of ventricular system?
cerebral spinal fluid -which coats the brain and protects it is produced and transmitted from
40
in the ventricular system, what are the anterior horns?
feeds into the fore brain. This projects outwards to occipital lobe. Then branches ran out to the temporal lobe
41
in the ventricular system, what's the circle of Willis, and which cerebral artery does it come from?
internal carotid which sends blood through and then comes middle cerebral artery
42
in the ventricular system, what is the function of middle cerebral artery function?
supplies temporal lobes, part of the frontal lobes and parietal lobes
43
in the ventricular system, what is the anterior cerebral?
supplies both inside of longitudinal fissure and frontal regions
44
in the ventricular system, what is the posterior cerebral artery and how is this artery formed?
supplies occipital lobe packs the parietal lobe and cerebellum. This artery is formed by fusion off the circle of Willis with the vessels that supply the brain stem in the spinal cord .The 2 vertebral artery feed down to supply the spinal cord
45
in the ventricular system, how is the blood flow happening if there Is hard tissue surrounding it?
there is penetrating arteries come off the vessels which penetrate deeper into the tissue
46
what is the function of cerebellum and brainstem?
Has cranial nerves- control head and neck movement
47
in the cerebellum and brainstem, what is the floccule and its function?
oldest part of cerebellum if it gets trapped it can cause problems with movement and control of movement.
48
in the cerebellum from the Dorsal aspect, what is the vermis?
runs down through the cerebellum and at the end of it there are tonsils
49
in the brainstem, what 2 pairs does it have?
1.superior colliculus 2.inferior colliculus
50
in the brainstem, what is the superior colliculus involved in?
vision
51
in the brainstem, what is the inferior colliculus?
hearing
52
in the brainstem, what is the function of lat geniculate body?
important for vision attached to superior colliculus
53
in the brainstem, what happens in the 4th ventricle?
passageway from this point runs through middle of the spinal cord. The fourth ventricle -cerebellum sits on top of it
54
from the ventral aspect in the brainstem, where does the diencephalon sit?
midbrain
55
how many cranial nerves are there in the brain?
12
56
what does the cranial 11 receive?
spinal accessory nerves from upper cervical regions
57
what is the function of cranial 11?
controls head and neck movement
58
what nerve is cranial 5 called?
trigeminal nerve
59
what is the function of cranial 5?
controls sensation in the face
60
function of cranial 6 and 4?
controls eye movements
61
function of cranial 7?
controls muscles in the face e.g. during speaking and making expressions
62
function of cranial 8?
sense of hearing and balance known as vestibular of Cocula
63
what is cranial 9?
hypoglosal
64
what is the function of cranial 10?
carries and transmits to regions around the body known as vagus. This carries vagal nerve which travels around the body innovating the viscera
65
what is the function of cranial 12?
tongue movement e.g when we speak highly developed nerve
66
in the brainstem what system is olive part of?
part of the hearing system
67
in the brainstem, what do the pyramidal tracts crossover?
pyramid region
68
in the spinal cord, what regions is the cervical enlargement in?
neck region
69
in the spinal cord, how many pairs does the thoracic region have?
8 pairs
70
in the spinal cord, what is the function of the thoracic region?
control arm movements, fine movements of fingers which take a lot of nervous control and that’s why there is an enlargement in this region
71
in the spinal cord, how many segments are in the lumbar regions?
5 segments lumbar 1-5
72
what is the function of the lumbar region?
controls leg movement
73
in the spinal cord, how many pairs of nerves are in the sacral region ?
5 pairs
74
in the spinal cord, whats the function of sacral region?
controls autonomic responses such as bladder control, control of the rectum, control of the lower organs and the reproductive organs
75
in the spinal cord, what is the coccygeal nerve?
tip of the spinal cord
76
in the spinal cords, what is the function of peripheral nerves?
these nerves carry motor outflow from spinal cord and carry sensory input into the spinal cord -mix nerves -carry motor and sensation
77
in the spinal cord, what is ganglia located?
cell bodies for sensory systems, these long nerves are situated within the grey matter off the spinal cord
78
in the spinal cord, the central cord there is grey matter surrounding this what does this contain?
cell bodies within the spinal cord
79
what is contained the white matter in the spinal cord?
contains fibre tracks travelling through spinal cord itself
80
in the spinal cords, what is the ventral rootlets?
where motor fibres come out these projects via rootlets , could also be known as anterior rootlets
81
in the spinal cord, when the nerves travel out what nerves do they become?
peripheral nerves

mental health + neurobiology (45 decks)

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