mental health + psychopathology Flashcards
Mental health
comprised of affective( emotional), psychological and social well-being – affects how people think, feel and behave
4 exogenous factors
life events, stressors such as living in a difficult marriage, struggling with ageing parents , poor work life balance
Mental health continuum model
designed to help individuals recognise potential signs of deteriorating mental health
4 stages in mental health continuum model
1.healthy
2.reacting
3.injured
4.ill
healthy
normal fluctuation in mood
reacting
nervousness, irritability , low energy, someone does not have a mental illness at this stage they could just have these feelings for a short time for example due to bereavement.
injured
anxiety, anger, restless or disturbed sleep , in this stage they are also not diagnosed as mentally ill but symptoms are serious + more concerning
ill
excessive anxiety. This is the stage where the person can be diagnosed with a specific mental disorder
Biopsychosocial modal
mental health can be informed by psychological factors, biological factors and social factors
Mental wellbeing
broad sense of self ability to live as close as possible to the way they would want
what does mental wellbeing be effected by?
can be affected by everyday basis- normal life stressors +life events
what does wellbeing balance with?
persons resources and challenges
psychological balance
if the challenges exceed the recourses a person has this could lead them to the reactive or injured level. If recourses meet the challenges they would be on a healthy stage.
Factors negatively associated with wellbeing
people who are overworked or burnout, emotional exhaustion
Factors positively associated with wellbeing
having autonomy, general wellness and good work fulfilment
Kim and Lindeman(2020)
internal and external factors that influence wellbeing
5 internal factors
-personal factors: personality traits= different personalities coped better than others, so people with high level of resilience have good coping styles had better well being
-flexibility + adaptiveness: good trait which associated with positive well being
-values, ethics and morals: associated with better well being
-meaning and purpose(in work) mitigate against burnout- burnout can be mitigated against or protected if an individual has meaning and purpose in life or their work
-skills and abilities- if someone is skilled this helps them navigate difficulties – if someone can overcome these challenges they will have better well being
5 external factors
-relationships and social support: having people give you advice or listen to your problems is important
-sociocultural factors-religion, meditation practice: religion can be a coping mechanism
-work life integration – healthy work life balance helps well being
-organisational factors -people feeling valued in work or school
-financial stressors-negative effect on someone’s well being , economic vitality positively affects someones well being
Psychopathology(abnormal psychology
study of mental disorders, causes, developments and treatment and classification(different stages of a condition)
common theme across psychopathology
struggle to have social interactions e.g., meaningful conversations. If people have mental disorders they may withdraw from social environments
Clinical psychologist
people who deal with abnormal psychological issues
counsellors
first point of contact/ first intervention, if the national health service is overwhelmed
criminologist
trained in clinical psychology and therapies or managing mental health disorders
psychiatrist
trained in terms of medicine
psychologist
done bachelors in psychology and training in this as well
how are the professionals helpful in mental health?
important to treat mental illness, research the origins and aetiology of different psychological disorders
How many in 4 people experience mental illness
1 in 4 people in UK experience mental illness each year
what do the centres for disease control and prevention suggest?
50% of people being diagnosed with mental illness each year.
Signs + symptoms of psychopathology
changes in eating habits and moods, excessive worry and trouble coping with daily life.
2 diagnostic manuals
Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders(DSM 2013)- acts as a guide to classify and diagnose different mental disorders e.g., for disorder it will let you know things such as symptoms the individual will go through
International classification of disorders: has identifiable diagnostic criteria that mental health professionals make to a specific diagnosis
Positive psychology
scientific study of what makes life most worth living (Peterson, 2008)
what are the 3 things that positive psychology focuses on?
-positive experience: happiness
-positive state- resilience
-positive institution-applying positive principles within entire organisation
what does Silgman emphasise?
emphasise that what means to be healthy and wellbeing needs to be researched
what 2 terms do Sligman come up with?
flourishing and nourishing
Flourishing
high levels of wellbeing find this through making meaning through relationships, leisure time , having autonomy and enjoyment
Languishing
low well-being – mental that may make it hard for someone to feel positive in life , can be seen through depersonalisation
The complete state model of mental health
This modal says that people can flourish even if they have mental illness
what 2 spectrums does the complete state modal of mental health have for mental health?
1.high mental health-flourishing
2.low mental health-languishing
what 2 spectrums does the complete state modal of mental health have for mental well being?
1.low mental illness: could be injured or level
2.high mental illness: could be a more serious level
Perma modal
created by Martin Seligman framework for happiness and well being
5 key pillars of Perma modal
1.Positive emotion-indicator of flourishing
2.Engagement
3.Positive relationships
4.Meaning
5.Accomplishments
Criticisms towards positive psychology
-Criticism has been made that there is too much emphasis on self-report data
-Positive psychology starts in western culture -heavily oriented towards white middle class- factors such as injustice, poverty, inequality and cultural are not recognised or considered.
International positive psychology association -looks at positive psychology cross-culturally not just in white western context
-field is to individualistic: ignores interpersonal factors and blames individual , doesn’t focus on exogenous factors
