approaches to psychotherapy Flashcards
what is psychotherapy
collaborative treatment based on the relationship between an individual and psychologist
what problems can psychotherapy cover?
1.trauma
2.mental illness
3.mental disorders for example anxiety or depression
4.greiving
5.substance abuse
what is the difference between counselling and psychotherapy
1.counselling :short term fixes the problem in the current situation
2.psychotherapy: long term which gets to the root of the problem and has more therapeutic strategies
traits and skills for psychotherapist
1.compartmentalise there own experiences they have gone through to reduce bias e.g. when siding with one person in a couple who their experiences are similar to
2.being non judgemental , listen to the patients issue as an simple fact don’t make a positive or negative judgement on it
3.effective communication: this also includes non-communication e.g having good gestures not making reaction with your face
reflective practice
ability to reflect on ones ability to reflect on ones action so as to engage in a process of continuous learning
reflection
examination of ones conscious thoughts and feelings
what are the 5 different approaches to psychotherapy?
1.psychoanalysis and psychodynamic therapies
2.behaviour therapy
3.cognitive therapy
4.humanistic therapy
5.integrative or holistic therapy
psychoanalysis and psychodynamic therapies(sigmund freud )
he proposed the influence of sub conscious mind had an effect with mental health
in psychoanalysis therapy, what are the 3 parts human psyche can be divided in?
1.Id:operates on the more social ground
2.ego:operates on the reality principle -conscious
3.super ego:operates on moral principles
psychodynamic therapy
based on the idea that mental being and behaviour are influenced by childhood experiences and inappropriate repetitive thoughts or feelings which are unconscious
behaviour therapy
external stimuli influence human behaviour
criticisms of behaviour therapy
it is reductionist-reduces human behaviour to simple , it ignores cognitive and affective factors
cognitive therapy(Aaron T, 2960)
challenges maladaptive cognition e.g unhelpful or inaccurate thinking and distressing emotional response
humanist therapy( Carl, R Roger)
this merges psychoanalytic and behavioural therapies:believe human behaviour is impacted by external environmental factors and internal unconscious factors
assumptions of humanistic approach
1.feelings, thoughts and perception are central to how individuals feel about themselves -main indicatior of behaviour
2.people have free will, they need to take responsibility of their own actions
integrative and holistic therapy
merges biology or physiology, environment and social factors psychology using the integrative approach through the use of biopsychosocial modal
2 disadvantages of integrative and holistic therapy
1.not easily testable
2.not useful for designing therapies
cognitive behavioural therapy
link between out cognitions and our actions
what is the primary aim of cognitive behavioural therapy?
help address maladaptive cognition for example thought patterns that cause unhealthy behaviours
Useful for:
-anxiety
-substance use
2 ways of cognitive behavioural therapy?
1.effort to change cognition:
-better understanding of behaviour and motivation of others
2.effort to change behavioural patterns:facing ones fear instead of avoiding them
Dialetcial behaviour therapy(DBT) Marsha Linehan
adapted for those who experience emotions very intensely. it helps them to accept the reality of their life and behaviours and helping them change their behaviours
primary aim for dialectical therapy
-give people skills to regular emotion
-handle stress in healthy manner
-improve relationships
-think mindfully
4 types of sessions in DBT
1.DBT pre-assessment
2.indivdual therapy
3.skills training in groups
4.telephone crisis coaching
can help with:
-borderline personality disorder
-substance misuse
primary aim of humanist and experiential therapy
explores how a person feels rather than looking at past events , the session looks at their concerns in the moment
useful for:
-panic disorders
-schizoprhenia
-anxiety
limitation of humanist and experiential therapy
1.lack of structure typical of humanistic approach
3 individual therapy advantages
1.confidentiality
2.one- one attention -gives an individualised approach
3. nurture strong therapeutic alliance
2 disadvantage of individual therapies
1.costly
2.no group interactions:cannot share similar experiences with others
group therapy
there are 2 or most clients working with therapist or counsellors
what type of learning does group therapy have
vicarious learning:group members learning for others experiences and offer advice- offers emotional support -empathise
create a save environment to create healthy new behaviours
3 advantage of group therapy
cost effective
develop socialisation skills
broader therapeutic alliance -more point of views
2 disadvantage of group therapy
-the person with most problems may get focused on the most-creates lack of focus on others
-less confidentially
