exercise and sport for rehabilitation Flashcards
rehabilitation
-process of returning to
-happens after diagnosis
-concerned with independence, every-day activities, work, recreation and goals
what are outcome measures in rehabilitation
outcomes we can measure throughout rehabilitation which are valid and reliable
-gives indication on how the patient is rehabilitating
rehabilitation WHO definition
set of interventions designed to optimize functioning and reduce disability in individuals with health conditions in interaction with their environment
4 ways rehabilitation can be done?
1.in-patient
2.out-patient
3.private
4.home
multidisciplinary approach to rehabilitation
think about
patient
family
carers
inter-disciplinary
advantage of multidisciplinary team
-cross referral
-sharing of ideas
-speed up process
inter-disciplinary
space in between -coming up with solution which doesn’t fit into one specific discipline
long term disabling medical conditions
finding issues with something that others may find easier to do- rehabilitation medicine helps overcome this
what 3 things does the rehabilitation medicine spectrum aim to do?
1.broad scope
2.varied presentations
3.classification and impairment important
what 4 things does rehabilitation medication specialism include ?
1.neurological rehabilitation
2.musculoskeletal(MSK) rehabilitation
3.limb loss or deficiency rehabilitation and prosthetics
4.spinal cord injury rehabilitation
what do neurological rehabilitation, spinal cord injury rehabilitation and musculoskeletal rehabilitation have in common?
they all share 1 goal for example have exercises but different exercises within them to have the same aim e.g. making someone go back to training
exercise
subset of physical activity that is planned, structured, and repetitive and has as a final or an intermediate objective, the improvement or maintenance of physical fitness
fitness
- the condition of being physically strong and healthy
- the quality of being suitable to fulfil a particular role or task
training
- the action of undertaking a course of exercise
2.the action of teaching a person a particular skill or type of behaviour
what 3 factors are looked at in the biopsychosocial approach a person needs in rehabilitation ?
1.Biological - physiological pathology, structural damage, biological status
2.Psychological – thoughts, emotions, behaviours for example, psychological distress, fear/avoidance beliefs, coping methods etc
3.Social - socio-economical, socio-environmental, and cultural factors, for examplework, family circumstances, access & financial status.
what are the 4 principles of exercise rehabilitation ?
Motor learning and control
Psychological aspects
Outcome measures
Function
why is exercise rehabilitation important to motor control?
help to understand the process behind movements
-motor tasks
- skills.
what can exercise rehabilitation and physiotherapeutic interventions?
Consideration of feedback (timing, amount, method)
Transferability between tasks (simple to complex)
Repetition of tasks
Use of audio/video/kinaesthetic cues
Use of demonstration and active participation
motor learning and control
process of initiating, directing, and grading purposeful voluntary movement , ability to regulate mechanisms essential to movement
what are the 3 steps of motor control in a rehabilitation patient.
1.identify sensory information
-create movement plan appropriate to meet the goal
e.g. if someones hurt their arm and they need to reach to grab a cup estimate how far the door handle is
2.plan coordinated within CNS -through brain stem and spinal cord motor neurones
3.sensory feedback supplied to CNS
this can help patient sore information for future performance to perform the same task
What are the psychological aspects of rehabilitation?
1.acculturation: being out of our comfort zone
e.g being in hospital, unfamiliar activity and rules , loss of control
2.Adherance(vs compliance): patient not being charged , the patient is asked to adhere
e.g. pain- leads to patient not wanting to do it , social support, therapist attituid
3.goal setting (SMART)
examples of outcome measures
Reliable
Repeatable-testing reliability
Acceptable-outcome measure itself -needs to be acceptable to patient
Responsive-detect change overtime
Precise-is it precise enough to give useful data
Valid-does it test the results
what 3 things need to be regained in rehabilitation ?
1.power
2.strength
3.endurance
Strength
ability of a muscle to generate force against a resistance
Power
ability of a muscle to exert force in the shortest time possible
Endurance
ability of a muscle to perform repetitive muscular contractions against resistance for an extended period
establish- neuromuscular control
unconscious trained response of a muscle to a signal regarding dynamic joint stability OR the ability to produce controlled movement through coordinated muscle activity
in neuromuscular control the Golgi tendon organs-are there for communication-in changes in tension and length and sit in the tendon have a role in movement
muscle spindle
receptor looking at stretch
-can stretch muscle fast there will be a protective reflect contraction to stop from being injured
range of motion
is the capability of a joint to go through its complete spectrum ofmovements. It can be passive or active
in reinstate what is proprioception?
Proprioception (or kinesthesia) is the sense though which we perceive the position and movement of our body
what 4 things does restore -range of motion and flexibility
1.single joint
2.mulotiple joint
3.single muscle -some muscle cross multiple joints
3.task specific-requires degree of shoulder , getting out of the care-due to age we lost motion in our shoulder
flexibility
is the ability of a joint or series of joints to move through an unrestricted, pain free range of motion~(requires abduction)
in reintetin what is balance
refers to an individuals ability to maintain their line of gravity within their base of support
what 2 things does the kinetic chain and multi-planar movement include?
1.open :Terminal link in the chain is not loaded and is freely moveable
Muscle activation is usually proximal to distal
2.close:Terminal link in the chain is loaded and meets enough resistance to restrict its free motion
Extremity muscle activation is sequential and normally distal to proximal
in reinstate what would their be decreased balance capabilities ?
Failure of stretched, degenerated, damaged or diseased tissue to provide adequate neural feedback
in kinetic chain what do the adaptive changes lead to?
alter the manner in which various forces collectively act upon the joint/tissue to produce motion
what is the kinetic change and what is its function?
integrated functional unit (via tensegrity) functions simultaneously, if one part is not working efficiently other parts are forced to adapt/compensate
what is the functional movement ?
is multi-planar, exercises reflect a need to allow force reduction, force production and dynamic stabilisation to occur throughout the kinetic chain
Sport
all forms of physical activity, which through casual or organised participation, aim at expressing or improving physical fitness and mental well-being, forming social relationships or obtaining results in competition at all levels. Played according to ‘rules
Game
competitive activity involving skill, chance, or endurance on the part of two or more persons who play according to a set of rules, usually for their own amusement or for that of spectators
Sport
athletic activity requiring skill or physical prowess and often of a competitive nature
what is console based therapy/ rehabilitation?
specific rehabilitation in virtual reality -which is a huge area of growth
what is the aim of console based therapy/rehabilitation?
increase patient adherence and work with, not instead of, traditional therapy
