autonomic nervous system Flashcards
autonomic nervous system
efferent subdivision of the CNS
visceral sensory receptors
feeds into the central nervous system from the information coming out to control an activity
what 2 systems is the autonomic system divided into
1.sympathetic nervous system
2.parasympathetic nervous system
location of the sympathetic nervous system
thoracolumbar-thoracic spinal sections between t1(thoracic 1) and l2(lumbar 2)
parasympathetic nervous system
craniosacral (cranial 3, 7, 9 and 10) and sacral region (s2 -s4
what are the 4 things visceral things arise from
1.thermoreceptors
2.mechanoreceptors
3.chemoreceptors
4.pain receptors
what are thermoreceptors and their?
-they are in the skin
-give information about the body temperature compared to external temperature
what are mechanoreceptors and their function?
-these are in the gut wall, bladder wall and blood vessels
-these are gut stretches in the body for example to let you know to digest the food or when the bladder is full it lets it know when you need to urinate
chemoreceptors
-carotid bodies in the heart
-can detect blood changes in the blood to make an individual breathe faster to increase oxygen or slower the breathing
-(t1 to t5)
pain receptors
-responding to pain or anoxia
-they are similar to chemo receptors but if you stress something to much it will cause a pain sensation
why is there referred pain?
crosstalk between the autonomic inflow and cutaneous flow
which system does pain travel with
sympathetic nerves
what happens in t1 to l2 and l3 in the thoracolumbar?
-outflow comes out of the spinal cord via the anterior horn
-then travels out to form sympathetic ganglia
what is sympathetic ganglia
cluster of cells that form outside the vertebral column
what is the cell that is coming out of the spinal cord called
pre ganglionic
what is the cell coming out the ganglion called?
post-ganglionic which sends out information to different organs
adrenal gland
this is where information arises from spinal cord and travels all the way down to the adrenal gland which is the ganglion
acts to stimulate the cells to release adrenaline and noradrenaline
where does innovations arise in parasympathetic?
projects out to their ganglia towards their ganglia
what’s the difference in cells situated in sympathetic and parasympathetic ?
1.sympathetic:ganglia is close to the spinal cord itself
2.parasympathetic: ganglia nerve travels all the way down to meet the ganglion which is close to the ganglion itself
what does the three oscular motor control?
eyes
what do facial nerves control?
1.salvation
2.tear production
what does the vagus nerve control?
it is the wander -travels around the body innovating:
-lung
-heart
-liver
-digestive system
-reproductive system
-the nerves themselves
what do the 2 to 4 come out and innovate?
gastrointestinal system which is on the lower end
-also innovates badder
-reproductive organs
what does sympathetic system control?
fight, flight and fright behaviours
what does the parasympathetic system control?
rest and digest behaviours
what are the ganglia situated in the sympathetic called?
paravertebral- run down outside the vertebral column
what are the parasympathetic ganglia close to
the target organ
what do the pre ganglia fibres situated with the central nervous system feed out to?
power vertebral, sympathetic ganglion chain where they release acetylcholine on the post ganglionic cell which then travels to the travel organ and releases noradrenaline
what do the sympathetic pre ganglion do in the adrenal glands?
the fibre exists the spinal cord , travels all the way down to the adrenal gland and travels all the way down and acts directly on the chromatin cells to release noradrenaline which is taken by the vasculature
what do the sweat glands controlled in the sympathetic system release?
acetylcholine
what controls the autonomic nervous system?
hypothalamus
what region is the hypothalamus in and what does it control.
it is in the deicenphalaon where it controls the homeostasis
hypothalamic pituitary axis
hypothalamic pitatuary thyroid
controls metabolism
hypothalamic pituitary gonadal
controls our reproductive organs
what do projections coming out the brainstem do?
feed into the hypothalamus down to the brain stem
they also feed all the way down to the spinal cord to control
what does hypothalamus control
-control of body temp
-control of fluid balance
-control of energy
-homeostatis
-control of sexual reproduction and reproduction
what does medulla control?
1.respiratory centre
2.cardiac centre
3.vasomotar centre
what do the hypothalamus and medulla feed into
the autonomic nervous system
reflexes
spinal circuitry -controls function at a certain level
what does the tonic activity do in reflexes?- this happens in the autonomic nervous system
-information comes from the gut into the sympathetic chain around up to the dorsal root to the spinal cord where it controls the motor flow
-or go out to the gut work and change activity
what does tonic activity do to the muscles
relax the muscles or seek or increase the secretions
what do hypothalamus do to the activates
regulate and deregulate normal reflexes
