mind control and mood swings

Question 1

2 key brain regions which control emotional responses

Answer 1

1.pre-frontal cortex
2.amygdala

Question 2

pre-frontal cortex

Answer 2

frontal lobe region preceding the motor areas

Question 3

what is pre-frontal cortex involved in?

Answer 3

in integration and control of behaviour

Question 4

what 3 areas is the prefrontal cortex involved in?

Answer 4

1.restraint behaviours
2.initiating behaviours
3.ordering behaviours

Question 5

restraint behaviours

Answer 5

Concentration
Judgement
Foresight
Focus

Question 6

initiating behaviour

Answer 6

Motivation/Drive
Spontaneity
Personality
Curiosity

Question 7

Ordering behaviour

Answer 7

Planning/Sequencing
Working memory
Abstract thought
Perspective

Question 8

Amygdala

Answer 8

Multinucleate region in the medial temporal lobe

Question 9

what role does amygdala play in behaviour

Answer 9

Processing and integration of information about stressors

Question 10

processing and integration of information about stressors2 input of amygdala

Answer 10

1.lateral
2.basal nuclei

Question 11

behaviour response to stressor-output

Answer 11

cenntromedial nucleus

Question 12

where is the insula situated ?

Answer 12

behind the folds of tissue of the lateral sulcus

Question 13

what 3 roles does the insula play?

Answer 13

1.deciding the saliency of experiences – how important they are
2. assisting the flow of information between sensory and emotional areas
3.plays a role in setting emotional threshold for experiences

Question 14

what controls emotional behaviour?

Answer 14

interaction between different regions

Question 15

what are positive emotions?

Answer 15

Reward pathway’ - dopaminergic

Question 16

what are negative emotions?

Answer 16

amygdala and extended amygdala

Question 17

what 3 are included in both negative and positive emotions?

Answer 17

Striatum
Cingulate gyrus
Hippocampus

Question 18

what are the 3 main attentional circuits that control attention and arousal?

Answer 18

1. default mode network
   2.dorsal attention network
   3.ventral attentional network

Question 19

3 things included in default mode network

Answer 19

Medial temporal cortex
Medial prefrontal cortex
Posterior cingulate gyrus

Question 20

3 things included in Dorsal attentional network

Answer 20

Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
Posterior parietal cortex
Corpus striatum

Question 21

4 things included in Ventral attentional network

Answer 21

Basolateral amygdala
Lateral and inferior frontal cortex
Temporoparietal cortex
Ventral striatum

Question 22

what is included in positive emotions in dopamine

Answer 22

1.mesolimbic
2.mesocortical

Question 23

what regions can dopamine be found in

Answer 23

Ventral tegmental area to nucleus accumbens
Nucleus accumbens to frontal lobe
Nucleus accumbens to limbic system

Question 24

what does GABA play a role in ?

Answer 24

control of negative emotions

Question 25

what 3 higher centres does anticipation involve in?

Answer 25

1.Prefrontal cortex (medial and orbitofrontal) 2.Amygdala 3.Hippocampus

Question 26

what do large tracts between and within frontal lobes and limbic system allow

Answer 26

for intricate ‘high level’ integration and processing

Question 27

what do large tracts between and within frontal lobes and limbic system link?

Answer 27

sensory, motor and basic biophysical information

Question 28

what activity is detected in psychotic episodes, major depressive disorders and bipolar disorders?

Answer 28

Changes in tract activity

Question 29

what increased activity of negative emotions that associated with depression - which 2 regions are associated with this?

Answer 29

1.amygdala 2.hypothalamus

Question 30

what is associated with negative emotion in depression and decreased activity?

Answer 30

1.pre-frontal cortex 2.hippocampus

Question 31

psychosis

Answer 31

Increased dopaminergic transmission associated with psychotic episodes

Question 32

what regions are involved in psychosis behaviours?

Answer 32

1.Prefrontal cortex – 2.dorsolateral and 3.ventrolateral 4.Anterior cingulate gyrus 5.Basal ganglia – striatum 6.Hippocampus 7.Cerebellum

Question 33

Amygdala hjack

Answer 33

describes situations where our emotions dominate our logical reasoning

Question 34

what are the 3 steps that happen amygdala hyjack?

Answer 34

1.Sensory input travel from the thalamus to both the cortex and amygdala 2.Certain stimuli will trigger intense negative emotions of fear, suspicion, and anxiety 3.overrides rational contributions from the pre-frontal cortex.

Question 35

Kluver-Bucy syndrome

Answer 35

rare condition involving bilateral loss of the temporal lobe/amygdala.

Question 36

what 3 symptoms does Kluver-Bucy syndrome?

Answer 36

1.Hyperorality 2.Hypersexuality 3.Hyperphagia

Question 37

what extra symptoms associated with Kluver-Bucy syndrome?

Answer 37

Reduced fear and anger Reduced focus Visual agnosia Restlessness Social withdrawal Memory loss