mind control and mood swings Flashcards
2 key brain regions which control emotional responses
1.pre-frontal cortex
2.amygdala
pre-frontal cortex
frontal lobe region preceding the motor areas
what is pre-frontal cortex involved in?
in integration and control of behaviour
what 3 areas is the prefrontal cortex involved in?
1.restraint behaviours
2.initiating behaviours
3.ordering behaviours
restraint behaviours
Concentration
Judgement
Foresight
Focus
initiating behaviour
Motivation/Drive
Spontaneity
Personality
Curiosity
Ordering behaviour
Planning/Sequencing
Working memory
Abstract thought
Perspective
Amygdala
Multinucleate region in the medial temporal lobe
what role does amygdala play in behaviour
Processing and integration of information about stressors
processing and integration of information about stressors2 input of amygdala
1.lateral
2.basal nuclei
behaviour response to stressor-output
cenntromedial nucleus
where is the insula situated ?
behind the folds of tissue of the lateral sulcus
what 3 roles does the insula play?
1.deciding the saliency of experiences – how important they are
2. assisting the flow of information between sensory and emotional areas
3.plays a role in setting emotional threshold for experiences
what controls emotional behaviour?
interaction between different regions
what are positive emotions?
Reward pathway’ - dopaminergic
what are negative emotions?
amygdala and extended amygdala
what 3 are included in both negative and positive emotions?
Striatum
Cingulate gyrus
Hippocampus
what are the 3 main attentional circuits that control attention and arousal?
- default mode network
2.dorsal attention network
3.ventral attentional network
3 things included in default mode network
Medial temporal cortex
Medial prefrontal cortex
Posterior cingulate gyrus
3 things included in Dorsal attentional network
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
Posterior parietal cortex
Corpus striatum
4 things included in Ventral attentional network
Basolateral amygdala
Lateral and inferior frontal cortex
Temporoparietal cortex
Ventral striatum
what is included in positive emotions in dopamine
1.mesolimbic
2.mesocortical
what regions can dopamine be found in
Ventral tegmental area to nucleus accumbens
Nucleus accumbens to frontal lobe
Nucleus accumbens to limbic system
what does GABA play a role in ?
control of negative emotions
what 3 higher centres does anticipation involve in?
1.Prefrontal cortex (medial and orbitofrontal)
2.Amygdala
3.Hippocampus
what do large tracts between and within frontal lobes and limbic system allow
for intricate ‘high level’ integration and processing
what do large tracts between and within frontal lobes and limbic system link?
sensory, motor and basic biophysical information
what activity is detected in psychotic episodes, major depressive disorders and bipolar disorders?
Changes in tract activity
what increased activity of negative emotions that associated with depression - which 2 regions are associated with this?
1.amygdala
2.hypothalamus
what is associated with negative emotion in depression and decreased activity?
1.pre-frontal cortex
2.hippocampus
psychosis
Increased dopaminergic transmission associated with psychotic episodes
what regions are involved in psychosis behaviours?
1.Prefrontal cortex – 2.dorsolateral and 3.ventrolateral
4.Anterior cingulate gyrus
5.Basal ganglia – striatum
6.Hippocampus
7.Cerebellum
Amygdala hjack
describes situations where our emotions dominate our logical reasoning
what are the 3 steps that happen amygdala hyjack?
1.Sensory input travel from the thalamus to both the cortex and amygdala
2.Certain stimuli will trigger intense negative emotions offear, suspicion, and anxiety
3.overrides rational contributions from the pre-frontal cortex.
Kluver-Bucy syndrome
rare condition involving bilateral loss of the temporal lobe/amygdala.
what 3 symptoms does Kluver-Bucy syndrome?
1.Hyperorality
2.Hypersexuality
3.Hyperphagia
what extra symptoms associated with Kluver-Bucy syndrome?
Reduced fear and anger
Reduced focus
Visual agnosia
Restlessness
Social withdrawal
Memory loss
