neurotransmitters in the brain

Question 1

what are the 2 ways to record neuronal activity

Answer 1

1.cellular level
2.systems level

Question 2

what 2 systems levels divided into ?

Answer 2

1.invasive
2.non-invasive

Question 3

how do you correlate activity with behaviour ?

Answer 3

record activity while the behaviour occurring

Question 4

2 ways you can record activity of behaviour?

Answer 4

1.electroencenphalogram (EEG)
2.advanced imaging techniques

Question 5

EEG recording

Answer 5

activity patterns of populations of neurones.Patterns of synchrony causes rhythms

Question 6

In EEG, what happens if neurones fire together ?

Answer 6

there are amplitude oscillations, slower frequency
-if there is less coordination , there will be low amplitude but higher frequency

Question 7

how many plates are there in EEG

Answer 7

20-256 plate electrodes

Question 8

in EEG where do you record voltage deflections?

Answer 8

relative to ‘ground’ electrode -usually the ear

Question 9

what do you read when
recording the EEG?

Answer 9

electrode position mapped for ease of correlation with recording

Question 10

what are the 5 the rhythms in the EEG

Answer 10

1.Alpha-8-13Hz
2.Beta -14Hz
3.Gamma-40Hz
4.Theta-4-7Hz
5.Delta-deep sleep, coma

Question 11

Alpha function

Answer 11

mainly occipital, quiet, eyes shut

Question 12

Beta function

Answer 12

Activity and tension

Question 13

Gamma function

Answer 13

‘binding’ learning and memory

Question 14

theta function

Answer 14

alertness, learning and memory

Question 15

Delta function

Answer 15

Deep sleep, coma

Question 16

what happens to the frequencies as you progress from waking to sleep?

Answer 16

faster to slower frequencies

Question 17

what do the frequency patterns show in vegetative state ?

Answer 17

slow patterns , sleep-cycles present

Question 18

what do the frequency patterns show in locked-in syndrome

Answer 18

normal

Question 19

what do frequency patterns show in minimally conscious state

Answer 19

this is variable -mix of vs and coma

Question 20

what do frequency patterns show in coma

Answer 20

slow, fixed patterns, no sleep-cycle present

Question 21

what do frequency patterns show in brain death?

Answer 21

flatline

Question 22

what is EEG useful to determine?

Answer 22

epilepsy

Question 23

what does epileptiform show?

Answer 23

distinct patterns according to type

Question 24

what can correlate with presence of auras and auditory hallucinations

Answer 24

onset of activity easy to pinpoint

Question 25

focal seizures

Answer 25

small localised region of brain affected

Question 26

focal to generalised

Answer 26

small local region spreading to whole/half brain

Question 27

generalised

Answer 27

whole hemisphere/brain affected

Question 28

what are 2 popular tools for researchers

Answer 28

1.sleep studies
2.behavioural/psychological studies

Question 29

what are 4 potential biomarkers for EEG

Answer 29

1.depression
2.cognitive decline
3.therapeutic potential
4.rehabilitation