neurotransmitters in the brain Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 2 ways to record neuronal activity

A

1.cellular level
2.systems level

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2
Q

what 2 systems levels divided into ?

A

1.invasive
2.non-invasive

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3
Q

how do you correlate activity with behaviour ?

A

record activity while the behaviour occurring

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4
Q

2 ways you can record activity of behaviour?

A

1.electroencenphalogram (EEG)
2.advanced imaging techniques

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5
Q

EEG recording

A

activity patterns of populations of neurones.Patterns of synchrony causes rhythms

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6
Q

In EEG, what happens if neurones fire together ?

A

there are amplitude oscillations, slower frequency
-if there is less coordination , there will be low amplitude but higher frequency

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7
Q

how many plates are there in EEG

A

20-256 plate electrodes

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8
Q

in EEG where do you record voltage deflections?

A

relative to ‘ground’ electrode -usually the ear

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9
Q

what do you read when
recording the EEG?

A

electrode position mapped for ease of correlation with recording

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10
Q

what are the 5 the rhythms in the EEG

A

1.Alpha-8-13Hz
2.Beta -14Hz
3.Gamma-40Hz
4.Theta-4-7Hz
5.Delta-deep sleep, coma

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11
Q

Alpha function

A

mainly occipital, quiet, eyes shut

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12
Q

Beta function

A

Activity and tension

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13
Q

Gamma function

A

‘binding’ learning and memory

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14
Q

theta function

A

alertness, learning and memory

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15
Q

Delta function

A

Deep sleep, coma

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16
Q

what happens to the frequencies as you progress from waking to sleep?

A

faster to slower frequencies

17
Q

what do the frequency patterns show in vegetative state ?

A

slow patterns , sleep-cycles present

18
Q

what do the frequency patterns show in locked-in syndrome

A

normal

19
Q

what do frequency patterns show in minimally conscious state

A

this is variable -mix of vs and coma

20
Q

what do frequency patterns show in coma

A

slow, fixed patterns, no sleep-cycle present

21
Q

what do frequency patterns show in brain death?

A

flatline

22
Q

what is EEG useful to determine?

A

epilepsy

23
Q

what does epileptiform show?

A

distinct patterns according to type

24
Q

what can correlate with presence of auras and auditory hallucinations

A

onset of activity easy to pinpoint

25
Q

focal seizures

A

small localised region of brain affected

26
Q

focal to generalised

A

small local region spreading to whole/half brain

27
Q

generalised

A

whole hemisphere/brain affected

28
Q

what are 2 popular tools for researchers

A

1.sleep studies
2.behavioural/psychological studies

29
Q

what are 4 potential biomarkers for EEG

A

1.depression
2.cognitive decline
3.therapeutic potential
4.rehabilitation