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mental health + neurobiology > psychological impacts of dementia > Flashcards

psychological impacts of dementia Flashcards

1
Q

dementia

A

neural changes consequently alter how people think and behave and their ability to manage everyday life

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2
Q

what neuronal structures does dementia affect?

A

the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe and occipital lobe can all be affected, this results in the decline of various cognitive functions

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3
Q

what 3 features does dementias neural structures ?

A

1.executive function:ability to plan, organise and complete tasks.
2.vision
3.affect:refers to human emotion.
4.behaviour

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4
Q

what can damage in frontal lobe for dementia patient lead to?

A

refers to human emotion.

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5
Q

what brain region is impacted in alzehimers disease and the temporal lobes

A

memory processing, hearing and language
memory decline

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6
Q

what is the right side of the pariteal lobe involved in?

A

visuospatial processing; understanding the one’s body and objects in space

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7
Q

what do severe difficulties with visual perception lead to?

A

visual hallucinations

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8
Q

modifiable risk factors

A

physical inactivity, drug use, alcohol consumption, BMI, (management of) Type 2 diabetes, hypertension, obesity, depression, smoking

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9
Q

Non-modifiable risk factors

A

age, ethnicity, sex, individual genetics and limited educational opportunity early in life.

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9
Q

what 2 functions does the parietal lobe impact?

A

1.skilled movements
2. dexterity decline.

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10
Q

Individualised assessment

A

help understand the likely course of a particular patient’s dementia, the extent it could affect their daily life and can tell us what type of care they may need.

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11
Q

psychiatrist or psychologist

A

Mental health and cognitive function professionals who have experience of treating dementia

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12
Q

geriatrician

A

doctor specialising in elderly care (a geriatrician)

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12
Q

Counselling

A

-apparent symptoms of dementia can confer a psychological burden on the sufferer
-individual and family need to understand
the nature, purpose and possible outcomes of the assessment if they are to make an informed decision about whether to proceed.

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13
Q

neurologist

A

doctor specialising in the brain and nervous system

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14
Q

neuropsychological assessment

A

asking the person, where possible, to complete a set of tasks that evaluate aspects of mental ability in order to identify the pattern of strengths and difficulties

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15
Q

Montreal cognitive assessment

A

psychometric test
-ability to assess several cognitive domains

16
Q

what does MoCA assess?

A

1.Short term memory
2.Visuospatial abilities
3.Executive functions
4.Attention, concentration and working memory
5.Language
6.Orientation to time and place

17
Q

who can administer a MoCA assess?

A

Nurses
Speech-Language Pathologists
Occupational Therapists
Neurologists
Psychologists (Clinical or Health Psychologists)
Geriatricians
Family Practice Physicians
Geriatric Psychiatrist

18
Q

Mini mental state examination (MMSE)

A

another psychometric tool that has 30 items to test different cognitive functions

19
Q

what are advantages of the MMSE?

A

1.Relatively quick and easy to administer
2.Requires no additional equipment (other than a print out of the questionnaires)
3.Can provide a method of monitoring deterioration over time

20
Q

what are disadvantages of the MMSE?

A

1.Biased against people with poor/no education due to elements of language and mathematical testing
2.Biased against people who have a low (or no) ability to read, write or speak in English
3.Biased against people with visual impairments
4.Limited examination of visuospatial cognitive ability
Low sensitivity at detecting mild/early dementia

21
Q

why would there be inequalities in assessments?

A

1.cultural perceptions of dementia; lack of knowledge about the available support among ethnic minority populations or even lack of trust in healthcare professionals.

22
Q

Lucid intervals

A

where these individuals may suddenly seem more aware of themselves, their surroundings and are able to express and communicate themselves as they used to do

23
Q

Sundowning

A

refers to problems sleeping or increases in behavioural problems that start at dusk (sundown) and can last into the night

24
Q

when does sundown usually peak?

A

middle stages of Alzheimer’s and other dementias and eventually diminishes as the disease progresses

25
Q

what are symptoms of sundowning?

A

agitation,
anxiety
increased confusion
changes in sleep patterns
night-time restlessness

26
Q

what are the 3 management of sundown?

A

1.Keeping the lights on in the evening can help
2.sleep environment should be kept at a comfortable temperature
3.active day helps people with Dementia sleep better at nigh

27
Q

what 2 components divide in change in life

A

1.new roles and different social status
2. protecting roles and stabilising life.

28
Q

what are 3 interpersonal relations

A

1.change in life
2.change in relations
3.maintenence of meaningful aspects in life

29
Q

New roles and different social status

A

refers to the challenges regarding changing social roles for people with dementia

30
Q

Protecting roles and stabilising life

A

entail what the person does to compensate for a lack of ability, such as the ability to communicate.

31
Q

what 4 sections can change in relations be divided into?

A
  1. being disconnected
    2.being dependent
    3.being a burden
  2. being treated.
32
Q

what 2 sections can meaningful aspects be divided into?

A

1.supportive interaction
2.being with peers.

33
Q

Self-efficacy

A

conviction that one (the person with Dementia) can successfully perform the behaviour(s) required to produce favourable dementia outcomes

34
Q

Self-esteem

A

represents the overall affective evaluation of one’s own worth, value, or importance. Self-esteem is often considered as an indicator, or one dimension, of quality of life

35
Q

Optimism

A

psychological disposition to expect positive outcomes in the face of adversity and hardship. It is thought to influence motivation.

36
Q

systemic, cognitive-behavioural and other therapies

A

provided individually or in groups can help people process some of the difficult emotions associated with a diagnosis of dementia and thus adjust and cope

37
Q

Palliative care

A

provide relief for the affective, psychological, interpersonal and physical challenges that face people with severe dementia

38
Q

Carers

A

require the ability to sensitively be vigilant and watchful for signs of declining wellbeing and ill-being and respond appropriatel

mental health + neurobiology (45 decks)

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