cell communication

Question 1

what is the nervous system designed to carry ?

Answer 1

information rapidly and efficiently

Question 2

what is the key of communication

Answer 2

To detect changes and carry information to the CNS
To process the information
To decide and plan on appropriate response
To tell the body what do to

Question 3

what does communication depend on ?

Answer 3

Interactions between neurons
Anatomical relationship between neurons

Question 4

what happens once the action potential reaches the synapse ?

Answer 4

it needs to cross to the next cell

Question 5

2 types of synapse which enable cell-cell communication

Answer 5

1.chemical synapse
2.electrical synapse

Question 6

3 different types of connections

Answer 6

1.axo-dendritic
2.axo-somatic
3.axo-axonic

Question 7

chemical synapse

Answer 7

Can cope with fast transmission rates
Ionotropic and metabotropic channels
Vesicles releases from presynaptic terminal
Act on receptors in postsynaptic terminal
Major drug target

Question 8

Electrical

Answer 8

More effective with slower transmission rates Gap junctions
Small molecules and current
‘low-pass filter’
Synchrony
Up-and-coming drug target

Question 9

what functions does chemical synapse have?

Answer 9

1.pre-synaptic terminal
2.vesicle
3.transmitter
4.receptor

Question 10

what functions does electrical have?

Answer 10

1.gap junction
2.post-synpatic terminal

Question 11

4 methods by which cellular communication occurs

Answer 11

1.excitation
2.inhibiton
3.disinhibition
4.lateral inhibition

Question 12

how do neurones carry the message ?

Answer 12

action potential is a method of communication

Question 13

what does the strength of the action potential be altered at?

Answer 13

level of the neuron or the network

Question 14

when coding information , why is inhibition important?

Answer 14

inhibition of thecells shapes the pattern of action potentials to give it meaning.

Question 15

when coding information what does excitation do?

Answer 15

the principal cell is important (providing the action potentials that are carried along

Question 16

Direct inhibition

Answer 16

neurones generally, lack of pattern means nothing to the brain, but when the inhibitory neurons block some of the firing this gives rise to patterns that can contain information

Question 17

disinhibition

Answer 17

plays a key role in the Basal Ganglia circuitry which shapes motor function

Question 18

what does activation of inhibitory circuit lead to

Answer 18

excitation

Question 19

Lateral inhibiton

Answer 19

Activation of excitatory cells also activates associated inhibitory cells

Question 20

in lateral inhibition, what does inhibition act on?

Answer 20

neighbouring cells to reduce activity

Question 21

in lateral inhibiton what does inhibition do to the response?

Answer 21

Strengthens response of cell directly stimulated

Question 22

in lateral inhibition what are the sensory pathways?

Answer 22

-vision
-touch
-olfaction

Question 23

what are the 3 ways you can improve the signal transmission?

Answer 23

1.myelination
2.plasticity
3.sychrony

Question 24

how can Myelination improve signal transmission?

Answer 24

You can alter the speed of transmission along the axon

Question 25

how can plasticity improve signal transmission?

Answer 25

You can alter the strength of the signal at the level of the network

Question 26

what is myelination

Answer 26

Acts like Insulation on a wire:
Speeds communication
Allows Saltatory conduction

Question 27

what 2 disorders associate with myelination

Answer 27

Multiple Sclerosis (CNS)
Guillain Barré (PNS)

Question 28

Plasticity

Answer 28

describes the ability of a neuron to up- or down-regulate the strength of it’s synaptic connections

Question 29

what are the 3 way that occurs in plasticity:

Answer 29

1.Synaptic morphology
2.Metabolic changes
3.Receptor changes

Question 30

what the two models of plasticity

Answer 30

1.Long-term potentiation
2.Long-term depression

Question 31

what does plasticity improve

Answer 31

improves synaptic transmission at the neuronal level

Question 32

Synchrony

Answer 32

describes the co-ordinated firing of a number/network of cells

Question 33

2 ways synchronous activated can be activated?

Answer 33

1.gap junctions
2.pacemaker cells

Question 34

what do gap junctions and pacemaker cells help with?

Answer 34

allow network of cells to fire simultaneously