stomach and rad prac Flashcards
what region of the stomach is this? label
fundic region
what region of the stomach is this? what distinguishes it from another region of the stomach
pyloric region
- similar to cardiac region but pits are considerably longer
what is the margo plicatus
represents the boundary between the esophageal and fundic regions or the non-glandular and glandular regions of horse stomach
what region of the stomach is this? label
cardia region
what are the secretions of the cardiac region and what is their purpose
Mucus: The mucus secreted by the cardiac glands serves to protect the lining of the stomach from the acidic environment and mechanical damage.
Bicarbonate: secreted along with mucus to help neutralize the acid in the immediate vicinity of the stomach lining.
what secretions occur in the pylorus and what are their purpose
- mucus: protect lining of stomach
- bicarbonate: neutralize acidity of chyme
- gastrin: Stimulating Gastric Acid Secretion, promoting Pepsinogen Secretion, Enhancing Gastric Motility, Regulating Gastric Emptying (influences the opening of the pyloric sphincter, controlling the rate at which chyme is released into the duodenum for further digestion)
- somatostatin: inhibits gastrin and other hormones
what structures are associated with the esophagus at the thoracic inlet
- trachea
- vertebrae
- aortic arch and major arteries
- thoracic duct
- recurrent laryngeal nerve
- vagus nerve
- pleura and lungs
what structures are associated with the esophagus at the heart base
- left atrium of heart
- thoracic duct
- azygos vein
- vagus nerves
- esophageal plexus
- pericardium
- vertebral column
what structures are associated with the esophagus at the diaphragm
- diaphragm
- vagus nerve
- phrenic nerve
- left lobe of liver
- aorta
- inferior vena cava
- lymphatic structures
what structures pass through the diaphragm
- esophagus
- aorta
- inferior vena cava
- vagus nerves
- thoracic duct
- symptathetic trunks
- splanchnic nerves
- phrenic nerves
what structures are attached to the greater and lesser curvatures of the stomach
greater curvature:
- greater omentum
- gastrocolic ligament
- gastrosplenic ligament
- gastrophrenic ligament
lesser curvature:
- lesser omentum
- right and left gastric veins and arteries
- lymph nodes
in a diaphragmatic rupture, which organs end up in the thoracic cavity and why
- liver: located upper right abdomen
- spleen: upper left side of abdomin
- stomach: esp if rupture occurs near esophageal hiatus
- intestines
- omentum
- pancreas
what special anaesthetic considerations are needed during a surgical repair of a diaphragmatic rupture
- compromised respiratory function - may need to breath for them
- compromised circulation: monitor BP and HR and be careful with fluid management
- pain management (surgery)
- risk of regurgitation and aspiration of stomach contents
- proper posiotioning to minimize vasculature or repirartory compromise (dorsal recumbency or lateral depending)
- post op pain management and restriction
what limits the rotation of the stomach in gastric dilation and volvulus
- gastric ligaments (greater omentum, gastrosplenic ligament, gastrocolic ligament)
- mesenteric attachments
- splenorenal ligament
which way does the stomach most commonly twist in a GDV
typically clockwise meaning pylorus moves dorsally and to right while fundus moves ventrally and left
label relevent organs
2: spleen
3: liver
4: omentum
5: falciform ligament (runs from umbilicus to liver)
1 is uterus (preggo)
- greater omentum
- stomach
- lesser omentum
- spleen
