histology of the non-glandular stomach SDL Flashcards
compare the muscularis mucosa of the forestomach
rumen = no muscularis mucosa
reticulum = discontinuous muscularis mucosa
omasum = continuous muscularis mucosa
how is the keratin of the forestomachs replaced
- epithelial cell renewal
why is a keratinized epithelium needed in the ruminant forestomachs
- abrasive contents (grass)
- reduces permeability
- increases surface area (papillae)
- increases longevity
- facilitates fermentation (protects underlying tiussues from damage to provide stable environment
the non-glandular compartments of the ruminant forestomachs are covered in what type of epithelium
stratified squamous mucosal epithelium
which digestive products are absorbed from the rumen papillae
- volatile fatty acids
- minerals and electrolytes
- ammonia
what factors promote the growth of rumen papillae
volatile fatty acids and fibre presence
how do the ruminal papillae change with diet
presence of more VFAs = growth, absence = shrinkage
long fibre = growth
why do solid objects end up in the reticulum
- anatomically rumen situatied below entrance from esophagus
- due to the cell shaped nature, large, heavy objects get trapped
- gravity means heavy objects get stuck here
sample from rumen
what is hardware disease
- ingestion of metal object
- settles in reticulum = traumatic reticuloperitonitis
- reticulum contractions may cause these metal objects to perforate the reticiulum and travel and penetrate adjacent structures (diaphragm, liver, lungs)
- local inflammation of reticulum and infections may occur
what does the omasum do
- absorb water
- absorb leftover VFAs that havent been absorbed by the rumen
- particle size reduction
- control passage from rumen to abomasum
which group of ruminants do not have an omasum
camels and camelids
