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GIL 2 > 8. pig nutrition > Flashcards

8. pig nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

what nutrients do pigs require

A
  • energy (75%)
  • protein (20%)
  • fat (less than 4%)
  • water
  • vitamins
  • minerals
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2
Q

what do pet pigs eat

A
  • 70% fruits and veg
  • 15% grains and cereals
  • 15% forages
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3
Q

what will you find in a commercial pig diet

A
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4
Q

what 3 feed types are availible to commercial pigs

A
  • crumble (course/loose texture)
  • pellets (compact cylinders that hold their shape)
  • meal (course ground powder)
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5
Q

what cant pigs eat

A

BSE and FMD outbreaks have placed restricitions on feeding pigs animal proteins

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6
Q

what are the energy requirements of pigs

A
  • most energy is from carbohydrates (no specific carbohydrate)
  • influenced by weight, genetic capacity for lean tissue, growth, milk production and environmental temp
  • feed intake is correlated to energy density
  • carbohydrate sources for swine are typically cereal grains
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7
Q

what are the fibre requirements for pigs

A
  • need less fibre (monogastric)
  • inefficient fibre digesters
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8
Q

what are the protein requirements of pigs

A
  • crude protein ranges from 10% (adult) up to 25% (weaner) and decreases with BW and age
  • Lysine is top limiting amino acid (if diet is formulated to suit lysine requirements, rest of AAs are usually fine)
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9
Q

what are the lipid requirements of pigs

A
  • most dietary lipid absorbed intact and deposited directly into body fat
  • linoleic acid only dietary essential fatty acid
  • usually met in corn oil
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10
Q

what vitamins and minerals are required by pigs

A
  • Ca, P and Na most important
  • trace minerals (Fe, Zn, I, Se, Cu, Mn are commonly included
  • milk is very low in iron so suckling pigs require supplemental iron during first 3 days of life
  • vitamins A, D, E, K, B12, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid and choline are also common additions
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11
Q

when does the GIT of a pig mature

A

few weeks after weaning

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12
Q

what can creep feeding be offered to piglets

A

7-12 days old

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13
Q

why is creep feeding beneficial to piglets

A

aidds intestinal development and eases transitions of weaning

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14
Q

outline nutritional requirements of weaners

A
  • weaning is stressful!
  • occurs at 3-5 weeks old
  • same diet as fed pre-weaning for 1 weeks or until 9kg BW
  • feeding milk replacer for a short period after weaning can be beneficial to growth and gut health
  • high digestible ingredients important (milk products, fish, processed cereals)
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15
Q

what are the dietary requirements of starters

A
  • most starter feed regimes are 2 or 3 stages to ensure smooth transition onto grower ration
  • young pigs have high nutrient requrements and small appetites
  • diets are high energy and protein, with vitamins and minerals to support growth
  • as pigs age their appetite improves and nutrient requirements decline as growth slows
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16
Q

what are the dietary requirements of growers and finishers

A
  • commonly 3-4 different feeds from 13kg to slaughter
  • as pigs grow, feed intake increases accordingly (early grower pigs will eat 0.5kg/day up to 2.5 kg/day at finishing)
  • no longer require complex diets or specialty ingredients
  • high levels of protein for lean muscle growth
  • rations include wheat, barley and high protein soya
17
Q

what are the dietary requirements of dry sows and gilts

A
  • gestating pigs should be fed accordingly to BW (aim for BCS of 3 by mid to late gestation to avoid risk of dystocia)
  • gilts are still growing and protein supply must support maternal and fetal growth
  • sows reduced requirement for lysine and an increased requirement for energy
  • until mid gestation, fetal and mammary development is small, aim to maintain condition without over or underfeeding
  • avoid overfeeding in days prior to farrowing to avoid depressed appetite post partuition
18
Q

what are the dietary requirements of lactating gilts and sows

A
  • sows farrowing at BCS 3 should have a good appetite and milk output
  • sows have a higher feed intake than gilts but gilts may need higher nutrient density
19
Q

what factors affect pig nutrition

A
  • genetics
  • temp (over 29 = reduced intake, under 15 = increased feed intake to maintain heat generation
20
Q

discuss nutritional problems in pigs

A
  • rare in pigs
  • takes a while to manifest visually
  • signs often non-specific
  • overconditioned sows are prone to stillbirths, poor colostrum and milk production, piglet crushing, heat stress, fewe parities, delayed return to oestrus and insufficient intake during lactation
  • under conditioned sows can have underdeveloped piglets, poor milk availibility, abortions, failure to return to oestrus, fewer parities

youngstock:
- milk diarrhea from overconsumption
- weaning stress leading to villi shrinkage, atrophy and crypt hyperplasia

GIL 2 (113 decks)

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