small animal parasites Flashcards
what is a cestode
- tapeworms
- chain of proglottids attached by a head (scolex)
- distal segments full of eggs shed in feces (fecal exam for eggs unreliable)
- distal segment disintegrates and eggs are released
- indirect lifecycle
- immature form is metacestode
list common tapeworm species
highlight some features of taenia spp anatomy
- suckers and hooks (2 rows) (what causes damage in infection)
- proglottids (segments) with one genital pore
- striated shell (hooks visible within)
- cysticerus
which species of taenia are zoonotic
- taenia solium
- taenia saginata
both from eating undercooked meat
what is the intermediate and definitive host of taenia taenieaformis
intermediate: rodent
definitive: cat
only feline spp of taenia
list taenia spp of dogs and their respecitve intermediate hosts
list clinical signs of taeniasis in animals
- perineal irritation, licking and chewing
- scooting
- owner finds segments (look like grains of rice)
what is Dipylidium caninum, the IH and DH
tapeworm
- intermediate host = flea/louse
- definitive host = SI of dog and cat
what is unique about the proglottids of dipylidium caninum
2 genital pores
outline the lifecycle of Dipylidium caninum
outline the lifecycle of echinococcus granulosus
is echinococcus granulosus zoonotic
yes - significantly so, especially in children
- forms cycts in the liver and lung
outline the lifecycle of echinococcus multilocularis
list nematodes of small animals and which species they infect
outline the lifecycle of toxocara canis
how is toxocara cati similar/different to toxocara canis
- lifecycle generally the same
- EXCEPT in utero infection does NOT occur
- kittens can be infected trans-mammary
what is toxascaris leonina
- affects dogs and cats
- L2 in egg/paratenic host ingested
- PPP 11 weeks
- develops in GIT only - non-migratory
- signs rare
- zoonotic
- eggs released into environment
what are the differences between toxocara canis and toxascaris leonina eggs
T. canis: pitted shell, more round
toxascaris leonina: smooth shell, more transparent, more oval
what are the 3 important species of hook worms
- ancylostoma caninum (dogs)
- ancylostoma tubaeformae (cats)
- uncinaria stenocephala (dogs)
outline the lifecycle of ancylostomes
outline the difference in lifecycle of uncinaria stenocephala compared to ancylostoma spp
- infects dogs
- eggs in feces, L3 in environment
- L3 ingested and establishes infection in SI
- PPP = 2 weeks
- NO pulmonary migration
- larvae penetrate skin
- signs rare (diarrhea and dermatitis)
what is trichuris vulpis
canine whip worm
how is trichuris vulpis diagnosed
- demonstration of barrel shaped eggs with conspicuous plugs at both ends in the feces
how is trichuris vulpis treated
use of anthelmintics such as fenbendazole and oxfendazole
in what part of the intestines can you fine adult whipworms
large intestine
why would fresh blood in the feces cause a veterinarian to suspect whipworm infection
- similar to hookworms
- causes digested blood and black “tarry” appearance in feces
why should dogs with whipworms be treated monthly for 3 months as apposed to 2 weeks later as with hookworms
becuase the 3 months prepatent period duriing which immature whipworms are not susceptible to anthelmintics, treatment administration spans 3 months
