small mammal dental disease Flashcards

1
Q

grasses contain large amounts of: ….. which is very …..

A

silica phytoliths = very abrasive

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2
Q

rabbit/rodent incisors are:

A

large, sharp and chisel shaped

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3
Q

rabbit and rodent molars have:

A
  • large occlusal surface
  • ridges on surface
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4
Q

rabbit and rodent teeth erupt continually or once

A

continual eruption

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5
Q

Describe some small animal dental adaptations

A

Continual eruption
Molars - large occluisal surface, ridges
Incisors - large, sharp, ‘peg teeth’
No canines

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6
Q

Describe elodont dentition with species examples?

A

Continuously growing cheek teeth
Large occlusal surface for grinding
Herbivorous diets
Rabbits, guinea pigs, chinchillas

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7
Q

describe anelodont dentition with species examples?

A
  • short crowned, rooted cheek teeth - do not grow
  • grain eater, omnivores
  • rats, mice, hamsters, gerbils, squirrels
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8
Q

What is a rabbits dental formula?

A
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9
Q

Describe the shape of rabbits maxillary incisors

A
  • chisel shaped
  • more enamel on labial side, softer dentine on lingual aspect
  • sharp cutting edge
  • keep shape by eating gnawing, and occasional grinding
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10
Q

what are cheek teeth in rabbits

A
  • molars and premolars
  • work as one functional unit
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11
Q

What are ‘peg teeth’ in rabbits and what is thier function?

A
  • 2 extra tiny incisors
  • sit just behind upper incisors
  • at rest the tipds of lower incisors rest against upper peg teeth - helps with occlusion and wear of lower incisors
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12
Q

What is special about the alignment of rabbit teeth?

A

The mandibular arcade is narrower than the maxillary
Lingual edge of maxillary teeth occludes with buccal edge of mandibular teeth

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13
Q

What are the consequences of continual growth of rabbit teeth?

A
  • high Ca requirement
  • need to be worn down correctly
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14
Q

what is special about rabbit tooth roots and crowns

A
  • no crown-root demarcation
  • whole tooth is considered a crown
  • reserved crown within jaw often referred to as ‘root’
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15
Q

Why would a rabbit display runny eyes in dental disease?

A
  • the nasolacrimal ducts sit close to the reserve crown
  • prone to blockage, inflammation and infection
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16
Q

What is the dental formula for rats and mice?

A
17
Q

what is the dental formulae for guinea pigs and chinchillas?

A
18
Q

what is the CR of guinea pig cheek teeth

A

maxillary cheek teeth angled outwards, mandibular inwards leading to tongue entrapment

19
Q

what dietary factors can lead to dental disease in small mammals

A
  • not enough veg
  • selective eating
  • sugary treats and fruit
  • vitamin C deficiency
  • selenium deficiency
  • Ca/P imbalance
20
Q

what breeding fators are associated with dental disease

A
  • inherited predisposition
  • brachycephalic
21
Q

what does Ca/P imbalance lead to in rabbits relating to dentition

A

metabolic bone disease leading to loosening of teeth within jaw

22
Q

what is PSADD

A

progressive syndrome of acquired dental disease

23
Q

Which species present most commonly with dental disease?

A

elodonts

24
Q

Which teeth (incisors, cheek teeth) are most commonly affected in each?

A

Elodonts – cheek teeth mostly, incisors too
Anelodonts – incisor teeth

25
Q

What is the impact of apical elongation and how is it caused?

A

Eruption slows or stops due to reduced wear
-> pressure on nasolacrimal duct + nerves
-> can penetrate bone on ventral mandible

26
Q

What is the first sign of apical elongation and why is it caused

A

Going off hay - this requires a greater force to grind and the nerves are being pinched so they cannot do this

27
Q

What are the impacts of aqcuired malocclusion in rabbits?

A
  • abnormal wear of incisors and cheek teeth
  • crown elongation and curvature
  • enamel spurs
  • soft tissue damage, inflammation and pain
28
Q

What are the late stages of PSADD (progressive syndrome of acquired dental disease)?

A

Periodontal loosening -> rotation of teeth
Loss of alveolar bone -> abscesses
Teeth stop growing due to destruction of germinal tissue

29
Q

what are the indications for dental burring in rabbits

A
  • incisor overgrowth
  • cheek teeth overgrowth
30
Q

what is the aim of dental burring in rabbits

A
  • remove spikes
  • resotre normal anatomy
31
Q

what are the caveats of dental burring in rabbits

A
  • not a long term solution
  • need to correct underlying cause
  • not enough for ascesses
32
Q

why should you never cut incisors

A

causes teeth fratures

33
Q

How can diet be improved to prevent dental disease in small animals?

A
  • lots of grass and good quality hay
  • small amounts of pellets, no muesli
  • food appropriate for age and species (adequate Ca, piggies need vit C)
  • weeds, wild plants and fibrous veg
  • root veg and fruits as treats only
  • avoid sugary treats
34
Q

What are some non-diet ways to prevent dental disease in small animals?

A
  • encourage/allow gnawing behaviours
  • selective breeding/culling