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GIL 2 > stomach anatomy > Flashcards

stomach anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

what do the layers of the mucosa contain

A
  • epithelial layer with protective cells, secretion and absorption
  • connective tissue layer, blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics
  • muscularis mucosae, and thin smooth muscle layer
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2
Q

what does the submucosa contain

A
  • connective tissue
  • blood vessels
  • nerves
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3
Q

what does the muscularis contain

A
  • 2 layers of smooth muscle (circular and longitudinal)
  • myenteric plexus
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4
Q

what does the serosa contain

A
  • thin layer of connective tissue
  • peritoneum (epthelial cells)
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5
Q

what are the features of the oesophagus

A
  • continuation of the laryngopharynx connecting the pharynx to the stomach
  • dorsal to trachea on left hand side
  • travels through the mediastinum
  • passes through oesophageal hiatus of diaphragm
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6
Q

discuss the muscles of the oesophagus

A
  • differ from elsewhere in the GIT
  • striated to facilitate vomiting
  • circular muscle layer particularly well developed in upper region and at junction of the stomach (sphincters)
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7
Q

what occurs during the oral phase of swallowing

A
  • fod mixed with saliva to form bolus
  • tongue moves bolus to back of the mouth
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8
Q

what occurs during the pharyngeal stage of swallowing

A
  • vocal folds close
  • epiglottis covers entrance to the trachea
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9
Q

what occurs during the esophageal stage of vomiting

A
  • the upper sphincter of the esophagus opens
  • food passes into the esophagus, entrance to trachea is reopened and upper esophageal sphincter closes. breathing can resume
  • swallowing centre in medulla initiates a wave of contractions in the circular muscle layer
  • the peristatic wave travels along the esophagus carrying the bolus ahead of it to the lower esophageal sphincter (quick)
  • in many species the function of the lower (cardiac) sphincter is aided by the sharp angle at which the esophagus enters the stomach (acting as a one way valve)
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10
Q

label structures

A
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11
Q

the stomach lies on which side of the abdomen in the dog

A

left

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12
Q

label the zones of this dog stomach

A
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13
Q

this is a cross section of the stomach. label

A
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14
Q

discuss the blood supply to the stomach

A
  • coeliac artery is cranial most supply branches into:
  • hepatic
  • splenic
  • left gastric
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15
Q

what vein facilitates drainage from the stomach

A

hepatic protal vein

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16
Q

what structure is the arrow pointing to

A

coeliac artery

17
Q

the non-glandular region of the stomach has what kind of epithelium

A

cornified (keratinized) stratified squamous epithelium

18
Q

what is the function of the non gladular region of the stomach

A

protection

19
Q

what is the function of the glandular regions of the stomach

A

mucus producing

20
Q

discuss the epithelium of the glandular stomach

A

simple columnar epithelium

21
Q

which of these images is glandular stomach and which is non-glandular

A

top = non-glandular
bottom = glandular

22
Q

what structures of the stomach are non-glandular

A

portion of stomach closest to esophageal opening
fundus in horses

23
Q

where are you most likely to find gastric ulder in horses

A

fundus of the stomach

24
Q

what is the margo plitcatus

A

folded margin between non-glandular and glandular portion of stomach

25
Q

what are the 4 regions of the stomach

A
  • cardia
  • fundus
  • corpus
  • pylorus
26
Q

what is the function of the glandular stomach

A

chemical and mechanical digestion
- fundus = storage of food
- corpus = mixing
- pylorus = mixing and pyloric sphincter

27
Q

which areas of the stomach is most gastric juice produced

A

corpus and pylorus

28
Q

discuss innervation of the stomach

A
  • sympathetic fibres
  • parasympathetic fibres
  • intrinsic fibres of enteric nervous system
29
Q

discuss the enteric nervous system

A
  • motility and secretion regulated by reflexes:
  • long reflex arcs involve CNS stimuli
  • short reflex arcs are contained within the wall of the GIT and are the primary ENS (functions independently from CNS)
30
Q

the ENS controls what

A
  • motility (peristalsis)
  • exocrine and endocrine secretions
  • microcirculation of the GIT
  • regulating immune and inflammatory processes
31
Q

discuss the interaction between the CNS and ENS

A

parasympathetic and sympathetic input from the CNS is exerted on nerve cells in GI wall (also direct sympathetic influence or arterioles and GIT smooth muscle

32
Q

what are the interstitial cells of Cajal

A
  • modified smooth muscle cells central to GI motility regulation
  • function as a pacemaker for gut contraction
  • different frequencies in different parts of the GI tract
33
Q

list diseases associated with the ENS and the species they effect

A
  • illeus: GI stasis caused by stress/dehydration/other primary condition in rabbits
  • spasmodic colic: change in gut activity causes muscular spasm of the intestines in horses
  • vagal indigestion: motor disturbances that hinder passage of ingesta fromreticulorumen, abomasum or both in ruminants

GIL 2 (113 decks)

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