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GIL 2 > liver, pancreas and abdominal wall prac > Flashcards

liver, pancreas and abdominal wall prac Flashcards

1
Q

what structures lie within the liver shadow (US)

A
  • hepatic parenchyma (liver tissue should be homogenous)
  • hepatic vessels
  • caudal vena cava
  • gallbladder (anechoic)
  • bilary tree
  • diaphragm
  • stomach
  • duodenum
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2
Q

what goes through the inguinal canal

A
  • spermatic cord
  • external pudendal artery and vein
  • genitofemoral nerve
  • lymphatics
  • testicles
  • round ligament of uterus
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3
Q

where will you find the inguinal canal

A
  • bilateral
  • deep ring = opening in transversalis cranial and medial to iliopubic eminence
  • superficial ring = external oblique muscle just above inguinal ligament
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4
Q

in which direction do the internal oblique muscle fibres run

A

ventrocranially

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5
Q

in which direction do the external oblique muscle fibres run

A

ventrocaudally

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6
Q

what structures will you find on the diaphragmatic surface of the diaphragm

A
  • right triangular ligament
  • coronary ligament
  • left triangular ligament
  • single caudal vena cava and multiple hepatic veins
  • falciform ligament
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7
Q

what structures will you find on the visceral surface of the liver

A
  • origin of the lesser omentum
  • papillary process
  • renal fossa for right kidney
  • hepatic artery
  • hepatic portal vein
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8
Q
A
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9
Q
A
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10
Q

label

A
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11
Q
A
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12
Q

what is the function of the external abdominal oblique muscle

A
  • compression of abdomin
  • flexion
  • rotation
  • stabilization
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13
Q

what is the linea alba

A
  • fibrous tissue
  • aponeruotic joining of left nd right abdominal oblique and transversus muscles
  • extends xiphoid to pubis
  • includes umbilicus
  • no vasculature or nerves = good spot to make incision
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14
Q

what is aponeurosis

A

broad, flat sheet of dense fibrous connective tissue that functions similarly to a tendon. It serves as an attachment point for muscles, allowing them to connect to each other or to bones
examples:
- linea alba

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15
Q

what is the inguinal ring for

A

passage of structures between the abdominal cavity and the external genitalia or mammary regions.

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16
Q

which muscles are involved in forming the inguinal ring

A
  • transversalis and internal oblique = deep ring
  • external oblique = superficial
17
Q

which artery goes through the inguinal ring

A

pudendal

18
Q

which arteries supply the superficial ventral abdominal wall including the mammary glands

A
  • cranial and caudal superficial epigastric artery
19
Q

what is visceral peritoneum

A

perineum that covers the organs

20
Q

what is the falciform ligament

A
  • broad thin fold of peritoneum that attaches liver to ventral abdominal wall and diaphragm
21
Q

what are the major functions of the spleen

A
  • immune (lymphocyte nd antibody production)
  • red blood cell and platelet storage
  • blood filtration
  • erythrocyte destruction
  • iron metabolism
22
Q
A
23
Q

where is the pancreas located

A

adjacent to the duodenum and dorsal to the stomach
- caudal end extends towards the junction of the duodenum and jejunum

24
Q

between which lobes of the liver will you find the gall bladder

A

between right medial lobe (right side of it) and quadrate lobe

25
Q

what structures attch to the prepubic tendon

A
  • rectus abdominus muscle
26
Q

what are the layers of the lateral abdomin

A
  1. skin
  2. externa fascia of trunk and cutaneous trunci muscle
  3. external abdominal oblique
  4. internal abdominal oblique
  5. transversus abdominus
  6. internal fascia of trunk and peritoneum
27
Q

list the muscle layers of the abdominal wall ventral aspect

A
  • external abdominal oblique
  • internal abdominal oblique
  • tenasversus abdominis
  • rectus abdominis
28
Q

in which direction do fibres of the transversus abdominus run

A

dorsoventrally

29
Q

in which direction do fibres of the rectus abdominis run

A

craniocaudally along ventral abdomen

30
Q

which muscles insert into the linea alba

A
  • internal and external obliques
  • transverse
31
Q

which structure does the rectus abdominis muscle insert

A

prepubic tendon and bubic bone

32
Q

discuss the peritoneum

A
  • serous membrane which lines the abdominal cavity
  • parietal, visceral and connecting (to form mesentery) sections
  • sac between the different sections = peritoneal cavity
  • excrete and resorb fluid and resorb gas
33
Q

what is the rectus sheath

A
  • tendinous sheath which encloses the rectus abdominus muscle
  • formed by the aponeuroses of the other abdominal muscles
34
Q

why is left flank approach to sx in ruminants preferred

A

rumen so big it keeps everything from falling out

35
Q

describe the regions of the inguinal canal

A
  • superficial and deep inguinal rings
  • suoperficial ring is between 2 tendons of the external abdominal oblique
  • deep is on caudal border of the internal abdominal oblique
36
Q

describe the innervation of the abdominal wall

A

ventral branches of the thoracic and lumbar nerves
- T 13
- L1
- L2

dorsal branch feeds dorsal trunk (skin and muscles of back)
ventral ramus feeds ventral trunk
- muscles and deep strucures are supplied by ventral rami
- nerves pass obliquely in a caudal direction

37
Q

discuss the vasculature of the abdominal wall

A
  • cranial region = internal thoracic artery and cranial epigastric artery (branch of brachiocephalic trunk)
  • diaphragm = phrenicoabdominal artery (branch of abdominal aorta)
  • cauda region = caudal epigastric artery and external pudendal artery (branch of external iliac artery)

GIL 2 (69 decks)

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