liver, pancreas and abdominal wall prac Flashcards
what structures lie within the liver shadow (US)
- hepatic parenchyma (liver tissue should be homogenous)
- hepatic vessels
- caudal vena cava
- gallbladder (anechoic)
- bilary tree
- diaphragm
- stomach
- duodenum
what goes through the inguinal canal
- spermatic cord
- external pudendal artery and vein
- genitofemoral nerve
- lymphatics
- testicles
- round ligament of uterus
where will you find the inguinal canal
- bilateral
- deep ring = opening in transversalis cranial and medial to iliopubic eminence
- superficial ring = external oblique muscle just above inguinal ligament
in which direction do the internal oblique muscle fibres run
ventrocranially
in which direction do the external oblique muscle fibres run
caudoventrally
what structures will you find on the diaphragmatic surface of the diaphragm
- right triangular ligament
- coronary ligament
- left triangular ligament
- single caudal vena cava and multiple hepatic veins
- falciform ligament
what structures will you find on the visceral surface of the liver
- origin of the lesser omentum
- papillary process
- renal fossa for right kidney
- hepatic artery
- hepatic portal vein
label
what is the function of the external abdominal oblique muscle
- compression of abdomin
- flexion
- rotation
- stabilization
what is the linea alba
- fibrous tissue
- aponeruotic joining of left nd right abdominal oblique and transversus muscles
- extends xiphoid to pubis
- includes umbilicus
- no vasculature or nerves = good spot to make incision
what is aponeurosis
broad, flat sheet of dense fibrous connective tissue that functions similarly to a tendon. It serves as an attachment point for muscles, allowing them to connect to each other or to bones
examples:
- linea alba
what is the inguinal ring for
passage of structures between the abdominal cavity and the external genitalia or mammary regions.
which muscles are involved in forming the inguinal ring
- transversalis and internal oblique = deep ring
- external oblique = superficial
which artery goes through the inguinal ring
pudendal
which arteries supply the superficial ventral abdominal wall including the mammary glands
- cranial and caudal superficial epigastric artery
what is visceral peritoneum
perineum that covers the organs
what is the falciform ligament
- broad thin fold of peritoneum that attaches liver to ventral abdominal wall and diaphragm
what are the major functions of the spleen
- immune (lymphocyte nd antibody production)
- red blood cell and platelet storage
- blood filtration
- erythrocyte destruction
- iron metabolism
where is the pancreas located
adjacent to the duodenum and dorsal to the stomach
- caudal end extends towards the junction of the duodenum and jejunum
between which lobes of the liver will you find the gall bladder
between right medial lobe (right side of it) and quadrate lobe
what structures attch to the prepubic tendon
- rectus abdominus muscle
what are the layers of the lateral abdomin
- skin
- externa fascia of trunk and cutaneous trunci muscle
- external abdominal oblique
- internal abdominal oblique
- transversus abdominus
- internal fascia of trunk and peritoneum
list the muscle layers of the abdominal wall ventral aspect
- external abdominal oblique
- internal abdominal oblique
- tenasversus abdominis
- rectus abdominis
in which direction do fibres of the transversus abdominus run
dorsoventrally
in which direction do fibres of the rectus abdominis run
craniocaudally along ventral abdomen
which muscles insert into the linea alba
- internal and external obliques
- transverse
which structure does the rectus abdominis muscle insert
prepubic tendon and bubic bone
discuss the peritoneum
- serous membrane which lines the abdominal cavity
- parietal, visceral and connecting (to form mesentery) sections
- sac between the different sections = peritoneal cavity
- excrete and resorb fluid and resorb gas
what is the rectus sheath
- tendinous sheath which encloses the rectus abdominus muscle
- formed by the aponeuroses of the other abdominal muscles
why is left flank approach to sx in ruminants preferred
rumen so big it keeps everything from falling out
describe the regions of the inguinal canal
- superficial and deep inguinal rings
- suoperficial ring is between 2 tendons of the external abdominal oblique
- deep is on caudal border of the internal abdominal oblique
describe the innervation of the abdominal wall
ventral branches of the thoracic and lumbar nerves
- T 13
- L1
- L2
dorsal branch feeds dorsal trunk (skin and muscles of back)
ventral ramus feeds ventral trunk
- muscles and deep strucures are supplied by ventral rami
- nerves pass obliquely in a caudal direction
discuss the vasculature of the abdominal wall
- cranial region = internal thoracic artery and cranial epigastric artery (branch of brachiocephalic trunk)
- diaphragm = phrenicoabdominal artery (branch of abdominal aorta)
- cauda region = caudal epigastric artery and external pudendal artery (branch of external iliac artery)
