STAT (3rd Grading) Flashcards
It is a mathematical concept used to measure the occurrence of statistical events.
Probability
It is the chance of a certain event will occur or happen.
Probability
A science that studies data to be able to make a decision.
Statistic
A science involves the methods of collecting, processing, summarizing and analyzing data in order to provide answers or solutions to an inquiry.
Statistics
Statistics comes from the latin word
Status
Statistics comes from the italian word
Statistia
Statistics comes from the German word
Statistik
Statistics comes from the French word
Statistique
The word statistics comes from the Latin word “Status” or Italian word “Statistia” or German word “Statistik” or the French word “Statistique”;
political state
provides information only about
collected data and does not draw inferences or conclusions about a larger set of data.
Descriptive Statistics
used when one makes a decision, estimates prediction or generalization about a population based on a sample.
Inferential Statistics
The collection or set of units or entities from whom we got the data.
Universe
Is a characteristic that is observable or measurable in every unit of the universe.
Variable
set of all possible values of a variable.
Population
A subgroup of a universe or of a population.
Sample
The information we asked from the respondents.
Variable
is a characteristic that is observable or measurable in every unit of the universe.
A variable
It is referred to as categorical variables such as:
sex (male or female),
religion,
marital status,
region of residence,
highest educational attainment, etc.
Qualitative
Otherwise called as numerical data, whose sizes are meaningful.
It answer questions such as “how much” or “how many”.
Quantitative
Quantitative data may be classified to as _________ or ___________
Discrete and continuous
are those data that can be counted that includes whole numbers or integers, example: the number of days, the ages of survey respondents, and the number of patients in a hospital.
Discrete
are those that can be measured that includes fractions and decimals, example. height of a survey respondent and the volume of some liquid substance.
Continuous
What are the levels of measurement
Nominal
Ordinal
Interval
Ratio
Measurement arises when we have variables that are
categorical and non-numeric or where the numbers have no sense of ordering
Nominal
This level ordering is important, that is the values of the variable could be ranked.
These scales have no absolute values – all that we can say is that one person is higher or lower in rank without stating how much greater or less.
Ordinal
The data can be categorized and ranked.
It tells us that one unit differs by a certain amount of degree from another unit. Can state how much unit differs from another. No absolute zero.
Interval
The data can be categorized and ranked. There is an existence of zero.
Ratio
Methods of Data
Collection
Objective
Subjective
Use of existing records
uses any or combination of the five senses (sense of sight, touch, hearing, taste and smell) to measure the variable
Subjective
obtains data by getting responses through a questionnaire.
Objective
resulting data from these two methods of data collection (subjective and objective) is referred to as
primary data.
It obtained through the _____________________ or data collected by other entities for certain purposes.
use of existing records
The gathered data from this method of data (Use of existing records) collection is referred to as
secondary data.
Data collection techniques
Observation
Interview and focus group
Transactional Tracking
Social media tracking
Online tracking
Surveys
Forms
3 types of invterview conducted for data collection
Telephone interview
Face to Face interview
Computer-assisted personal interviewing
Methods of Data
Presentation
Textual
Tabular
Graphical
Presenting Data in the form of words, sentences and paragraphs.
Detailed information are given. It involves enumerating important characteristics, emphasizing significant figures and identifying important features of data.
Textual
Numerical values are presented using tables. Information are lost in tabular presentation of
data.
The frequency distribution table is the usual tabular form of presenting the distribution of the data.
Tabular
A visual representation of data statistics-based results using graphs, plots, and charts.
Graphical
are visual displays that organise and present frequency counts so that the information can be interpreted more easily.
Frequency distributions
can show absolute frequencies or relative frequencies, such as proportions or percentages.
Frequency distributions
is a presentation containing non-overlapping categories or classes of a variable and the frequencies or counts of the observations falling into the categories or classes.
Frequency distributions Table
How to get Range
R = Highest - Lowest (make stem and leaves thingy)
Number of classes
K = √N (N= total # of Observation)
Class Size
C = R/K
Making of table
Number of Classes = Rows
Class size = (plus)
LL (Lower Limit)
Lowest class + Class size
UL (Upper Limit)
2nd LL - 1
Frequency
in the stem/Leaf thingy
Class Mark (CM)
CM = LL+UL/2
Cumulative Frequency (<CF)
<CF = Lowest F + f
Cumulative Frequency (>CF)
> CF = Total F - f
Relative Frequency (RF)
RF = (Frequency of a Class / Total Frequency) X 100
Lower True Class Boundaries
LTCB = LL - 0.5
Upper True Class Boundaries
UTCB = UL + 0.5
(Ungrouped data) Mean
Mean = Total / # of Variables
(ungrouped data) Median
Middle of the list
(Ungrouped data) Mode
Most in frequency
- is the class with the less than cumulative frequency greater than or equal to one-half of the total frequency.
Median Class
The class interval where the value with the highest frequency occurs.
Modal class
