Philosophy (1st Grading) Flashcards
corresponds to knowledge in the formal sciences whose main concern is the validation of their knowledge claims within the formal system in their respective disciplines.
Formal Knowledge –
through the use of our senses paving the basis for opinion.
sensible world
considered right and good by most people: agreeing with a standard of right behavior.
Morals –
happens when we perceive things using our five senses. Also called percept.
External Perception
states that the truth or falsity of a statement is determined only by how it relates to the world and whether it accurately describes.
Correspondence Theory –
– explains that knowledge is wisdom and virtue is knowledge.
Platonic philosophy
known as the leader of the Eleatic school, proposed that the only permanent in this word is being
Parmenides
lower type of knowledge associated with mathematical, abstract or scientific understanding, relies on some assumptions, hypothesis and imagery from the physical or sensible world.
Dianoia
are different from analytic statements because their truth or falsity depend on the state of affairs being claimed.
Empirical Statement –
a fishing village and center of trade and commerce in ancient Greece, It was the ideal place for the first practice of philosophy to emerge
Miletus
is any kind of doctrine that gives priority to the whole over its parts.
Holistic Philosophy
student and loyal follower to Parmenides, strengthened the point that we are all interconnected as being.
Zeno
are basic and fundamental beliefs that guide or motivate attitudes or actions. They help us to determine what is important to us.
Values –
is the study of moral thought and moral language. Rather than addressing questions about what practices are right and wrong, and what our obligations to other people or future generations.
Meta Ethics –
author of the book Ethics: Modern Conception of the Principle of Right (1995), there are two necessary conditions for morality to occur: Freedom and Obligation.
John Mothershead –
student of Anaximander, gave definite shape of the earth, concluded that the fundamental substance must be air.
Anaximenes
A way of behaving, thinking or feeling that is not learned.
Instinct -
concern themselves with right and wrong. They also define what is socially acceptable, good or evil. These are ideas that society considers important. They are at play when a person interacts with the wider world or has to make a decision that will have a consequence on others.
Moral Values –
– are true by definition and are generally self – explanatory.
Analytic Statement
What did Thales predict as an astronomer
The eclipse
Socratic Method
is a dialogue between teacher and students, instigated by the continual probing questions of the teacher, in a concerted effort to explore the underlying beliefs that shape the students views and opinions.
What was Pythagoras’ cult called?
Pythagoreans
Who said that Miletus was the first place where philosophy emerged?
Curd
– is more on our ability to understand our surrounding using our senses. We gather or select information from our surrounding using our senses and these information will be analyze, interpret and organized by our brain.
Perception
prose writer, suggested appeiron, first philosopher to draw a map, student of Thales
Anaximander
Three stages in the apprehension of a concept before knowledge becomes possible
- Perception
- Abstraction
- Judgment
theory of morality that derives duty or moral obligation from what is good or desirable as an end to be achieved.
Teleological Ethics –
an act or course of action to which a person is morally or legally bound; a duty or commitment.
Obligation –
said that conduct refers to deliberate human action.
Mothershead –
existentialist philosopher, assumes the idea of radical freedom, by claiming that men is condemned to be free.
Jean-Paul Sartre –
is an approach that is used in many disciplines, including psychology that is centered on the belief that we can best explain something by breaking it down into its individual parts.
Reductionist Philosophy
is known through the use of the intellect paving the basis for knowledge.
the intelligible world
assumed that pleasure is quantifiable.
Jeremy Bentham –
Businessman, astronomer, brought geometry to ancient Greece
Thales
English philosopher, child genius, contributed utilitarianism.
John Stuart Mill –
his philosophical views lead towards the establishment of the first ever institution for higher education called the academy.
Plato
happens when you use your imagination and memory.
Internal Perception
Thales believed this was the shape of Earth
Flat
believed that there is not just one element that reality is made of, contributed the idea about the nous or the mind.
Anaxagoras
gives emphasis on the criterion of verification.
Empirical Knowledge –
is the study of ethical behavior, and is the branch of philosophical ethics that investigates the questions that arise regarding how one ought to act, in a moral sense.
Normative Ethics –
What was the institution that Plato created?
academy
believed that he is immortal and has magical powers, proponent of the notion that reality is made up of four elements namely earth, air, fire and water
Empedocles
contributed their idea that the ultimate substance that reality is made of atoms.
Leucippus and Democritus
the highest kind of knowledge or knowledge of the eternal forms or ideas.
Noesis
– generally understood as a systematic and comprehensive account of human existence and the universe that encompasses both the natural sciences of the organic and inorganic word as well as the human science of cognition social life, and the domains of art, religion, and philosophy.
Speculative Philosophy
gave his observation and reasoning to natural phenomenon like earthquakes, lightning and rainbow.
Maximus
the act of obtaining or removing something from a source.
Abstraction
dealing with things sensibly and realistically in a way that is based on practical rather than theoretical considerations.
Pragmatic Theory –
known for the mystical nature of his philosophy, believes that the only thing that is permanent in this world is change.
Heraclitus
also called confirmation holism, this type of holism claims a scientific theory cannot be tested individually, since testing a single theory would always depend on other established theories and hypotheses.
Epistemological Holism
known to be the first professional teachers who exacted more for their services. Also called wise ones.
Sophists
well known anthropologist in his article entitled Folkways our notion of what is ‘right’ stems from man’s basic instinct to survive.
William Sumner –
- Assumed that before we were born, our souls were once part
World Soul.
an action is considered morally good because of some characteristic of the action itself, not because the product of the action is good.
Deontological Ethics –
What did Thales sell?
Olive Oil
is assumed when one is making his choices and is the agent that is taking full responsibility in planning his life, and in the process, planning and budgeting his actions for some future outlook or goals.
Freedom –
is considered as a meta discipline that transcends and crosses over different areas and disciplines
Philosophy
Who are the Triumvirate of the three Miletians?
- Thales
- Anaximander
- Anaximenes
the traditional behavior or way of life of a particular community or group of people.
Folkways –
- a method of approaching philosophical problems through analysis of the terms in which they are expressed, associated with Anglo-American philosophy of the early 20th century.
Analytic Philosophy
considered philosophy and mathematics as good purification of the soul, gave the principle of the finite(even numbers) and the infinite(odd numbers).
Pythagoras
the act or process of forming an opinion or making a decision after careful thought; the act of judging something or someone. The ability to make good decisions about what should be done.
Judgment
According to Heraclitus what was the permanent thing in this world?
Change
What is Philosophy?
the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality and existence. Especially when considered as an academic discipline
it is a doctrine in the philosophy of language which suggests that a certain part of language, a term or a complete sentence, can only be understood through its relations to a larger segment of language or possibly the entire language.
Semantic Holism
Plato thought that there was another world in another dimension called?
world of forms and ideas.
states that the truth of any (true) proposition consists in its coherence with some specified set of propositions. It simply refers to the bearers of truth values.
Coherence Theory –
– a way of searching for certainty by systematically though tentatively doubting everything.
Method of Systematic Doubt
said that deontological ethics presumes that action are thought to have intrinsic value in their own right.
Dupre –
is a theory of morality, which advocates actions that foster happiness or pleasure and opposes actions that cause unhappiness or harm.
Utilitarianism –
