RWS (4TH Quarter) Flashcards
_______ is a discourse wherein one expresses specific concepts, theories, and/or insights in a scholarly manner. It aims to explain and prove or disprove
Academic writing
. The writer aims to make his or her readers informed; clarifies or explains a phenomenon by presenting an in-depth discussion; and defines what something is based on a particular context
EXPOSITORY WRITING
. The writer aims to persuade readers; makes claims and counterclaims and presents evidence, (can be statistics, studies, and expert’s opinions, among others).
ARGUMENTATIVE WRITING
For specific _________, most of whom belong to the same or related field as that of the author. Readers of academic writing include scholars, teachers, and other subject matter experts.
Audience
(a brief, complete, and objective restatement of the central idea of a given passage in one’s own words).
summary
(are full restatements of a source text using an author’s own words)
paraphrase
(a written discussion of a certain topic that combines information and concepts from two or more sources)
synthesis
(thorough explanation of the elements or features of a certain text)
analysis
__________ is writing in the workplace; a discourse wherein one communicates to enable and support the work of a business or workplace context.
professional Writing
to inform or share information with its audience and to persuade or build goodwill with the audience.
professional Writing
-a correspondence between companies and individuals like applicants, customers, or clients.
Business letter
-the internal means of communication of a company
Memorandum or memo
–document that contains a plan or a suggestion for developing a product, service, or action that can address a client’s problem or issue.
Business proposal
This brief document contains information on skills and personal background of a person seeking a job.
Résumé
is an in-depth analysis of a particular work of art, a literary work such as a novel, short story, poem, or play.
critique
refers to awriter’s evaluation of a specific work of artin a general context. He or she examines how a part contributes to the totality of a material. Just like a critique, it is argumentative in nature
review
is made for a general audience
review
a. Identify the book by author, title, and sometimes publishing information.b. Specify the type of book (fiction, nonfiction, biography, autobiography) to provide your readers with the proper perspective.c. Mention the book’s theme.d. You may also include background to enable the reader(s) to look at the book in a specific context. For example, you can describe the general problem the book addresses or earlier work the author or others have done.
Introduction
For a nonfiction book, provide an overview, including paraphrases and quotations, of the book’s thesis and primary supporting details. For a work of fiction, briefly review the story line for readers, being careful not to give away anything that can lessen the suspense
Summary of Content
a. Describe the book. Is it interesting? Is it memorable? Entertaining? Instructive? Justify why.b. Note the author’s opinions. Do you agree with them or not? Why?c. Explore the issues raised in the book. What possibilities does it suggest? What matters does it leave out?d. Relate your argument compared to other books.
Analysis and Evaluation of the Book
Close with a direct comment on the book, and tie together the issues raised in the review. Restate your points and your thesis statement. You may also offer advice to potential readers.
Conclusion
is the systematic investigation and study of materials and sources to establish facts and reach new conclusions.
Research
is a document that presents a complete piece of research in a focused and coherent manner. It follows a definite format, which depends on the discipline.
research report
contains the background material of the research or study.
literature review
contains information that has a direct link to the subject or topic of a research or study.
primary source
refers to items that are not directly connected to the subject or topic of a research or study.
secondary source
\to be used depends on the research adviser or the school. Three most common styles.
documentation style
–This is commonly used in English and the humanities.
Modern Language Association Style (MLA)
–This is commonly used in psychology and the social sciences.
American Psychological Association (APA)
)–This is commonly used in the physical and natural sciences as well as in the social sciences
The Chicago Manual of Style (CMS
is a document that shows a company how to address and solve a certain problem
project proposal
is a type of academic writing in which the author presents his or her position on a debatable issue and defends or supports it with evidence
position paper
–This presents the issue to be discussed and the author’s position on the issue
Introduction
–This focuses on the claims of the author and the supporting evidence. Also, it mentions and disproves the counterclaims
Body
–This restates the author’s position on the issue and the claims. In this part, the author relevance of the issue and urges them to take his or her side of the issue.
Conclusion
–The author begins with general statements or premises before arriving at a specific conclusion.
Deductive reasoning
–The author begins with specific statements that lead to a general conclusion.
Inductive reasoning
–The author chooses and researches an issue, states his or her position on the issue, and makes an outline of his or her claims and evidence.
Prewriting
–The author writes the introduction, body, and conclusion.
Writing
is a summary of a student’s accomplishments in high school. It shows the reader the achievements and activities of the student in a nutshell. Usually, the student needs a résumé for college or scholarship application, for requesting a letter of recommendation from a school or a teacher, or for a job or internship application.
college résumé
Features of a College Résumé (7)
1) Heading
2) Education
3) Honors, awards, and special recognition
4)Extracurricular activities
5)Community activities
6)Employment
7)Interests and other activities
Features of a College Admission Letter (6)
Heading
Date of the letter
Inside address
Salutation
Body
Signature
is a method of communication that deals with different business activities.
Business correspondence
-A prospective buyer writes this type of a business letter to a seller (a business or a person selling goods) to inquire about the offered merchandise.
-The buyer asks for specific details about the products, such as design, size, and quantity, and requests for a price list and product samples. In this manner, the seller replies with a quotation letter. A quotation letter contains the information about the product including the payment scheme and the discount if there is any
Inquiry Letter
-A buyer writes this letter to place an order if he or she intends to purchase.
-In this correspondence, the buyer mentions the specific items to order, gives instructions on delivery or shipping, and indicates the preferred mode of payment.
Order letter
–the buyer writes the problem in detail. Some of the problems include the following reasons:
a. the products are not exactly what are specified in the order letter—that is, the buyer received the wrong ones;
b. the number of orders is incorrect; or
c. the products received are defective or damaged.
Complaint letter
–A seller writes this letter to the buyer to collect payment for the products purchased. In a respectful tone, the seller mentions the amount that needs to be paid and the last payment made by the buyer if the seller has not received the full payment yet.
Recovery letter
A business letter should have the following characteristics:
-It should be professional and courteous.
-It should be factual.
-It should be concise.
-It should have concrete words.
This contains the sender’s address, which includes the street, city, and zip code. However, official business letters nowadays have a letterhead, which contains the name and address of a company. In such letters, a heading is not necessary.
HEADING
This includes the name of the recipient and his or her address. The name is usually written with the person’s appropriate title.
INSIDE ADDRESS
This phrase usually begins with Dear followed by the recipient’s title and last name. If the recipient’s gender cannot be determined, it is advisable to address the recipient by his or her job title or full name.
SALUTATION
–This is where the message of the letter is found. The first line usually opens with a friendly greeting, and the paragraph that follows state the main purpose of the letter. The next paragraph gives more information about why the letter is written. Then the last paragraph requests some action from the recipient
BODY
This phrase begins with a capitalized word and usually ends in a comma.
COMPLIMENTARY CLOSE
The printed name of the sender is set three or four lines below the complimentary close. The sender signs his or her name on top of the printed text.
SIGNATURE
This is the most common format. In this layout, the entire text is left justified.
FULL BLOCK FORMAT
In this layout, the inside address, the salutation, and the body of the letter are left justified. However, the heading, the date, complimentary close, and signature are typed from the center of the page.
MODIFIED BLOCK FORMAT
This format is almost the same as the modified block format except for the paragraphs in the body.
SEMI-BLOCK FORMAT
refers two things: (1) the system for sending messages from a computer to another (2) the messages sent through that system. It is the primary medium of business communication in most companies today. It is mostly used for both external and internal correspondence.
Electronic mail, or e-mail
a system that allows them to send a huge volume of e-mail to their customers at specific times.
automated mail
is a brief notice exchanged among the members of the same organization.
An office memo, which is also called office memorandum
The term memo comes from Latin memorandum meaning
“thing to be remembered.”
Purposes of an office memo
- To give new information, such as a new policy or a change in current policy, to concerned people in an organization.
- to announce changes in leadership, management structure, team divisions, or workflow.
- to disseminate information pertaining to meetings and events held within the organization.
- to introduce new employees, divisions, clients, etc.
This shows the recipient, the sender, the date, and the subject of the memo.
Heading
[recipient’s name -who or which department gets it)]
To:
[sender’s name, title, initials -who or which department sent it)]
From:
[When it was sent]
Date:
[brief description of memo contents -Briefly, what it’s about]
Subject:
This conveys the message of the memo.
Body
This part asks or requests the target audience to do some action; or recommends
Conclusion/closing
