DISS (3rd Grading) Flashcards
usually described as an
organized group of individuals whose members work together or regularly meet and have a shared territory,
interest, and way of living.
Society
It is characterized as the area of study that deals with the human behavior in its cultural and social facets.
Social Sciences
Is the sciences of nature, give attention on
investigating every single natural phenomenon that occurred, or is currently happening, in our world using tangible evidences like natural forces, fossils, and artifacts.
Natural Sciences
include the study of history, philosophy and religion, modern and ancient languages and
literatures, fine and performing arts, media and cultural studies, and other fields.
Humanities
These disciplines allow us to analyze the human behavior from a variety of perspectives, to deeply understand the controversial issues and complications surrounding our society, and, most significantly, to empower ourselves as democratic citizens of the fast-changing world.
DISCIPLINES OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES
● the study of human biological and physiological
characteristics and their evolution. Also called
physical anthropology. (study of humanity)
Anthropology
is the statistical study of human
populations (study of human population)
demography
use census data, surveys, and statistical models to analyze the size, movement, and structure of populations
Demographers
is the study of the production, distribution, and consumption of wealth in human society, but this perspective is only one among many different definitions.(study of efficient allocation of scarce resources)
economics
is also the study of people (as consumers) making choices about which products and goods to buy.
Economics
is the study of places and the relationships between people and their environments. Geographers explore both the physical properties of Earth’s surface and the human societies spread across it.(study of the interaction between the natural environment and the people living in it)
Geography
meaning of geography
description of the earth’s surface”
Greek words “geo,” which means
Earth
graphia,” which means
“recording something or writing about”
●
this area of study reconstructs various recorded human events and natural phenomena and explains the different human thoughts and actions in the past and the changes that these had experienced through the analysis of primary (study of important recorded events)
History
● the scientific study of language and its structure,
including the study of morphology, syntax, phonetics, and semantics. (the scientific study of language)
Linguistics
focuses on the theory and practice of government and politics at the local, state, national, and international levels. We are dedicated to developing understandings of institutions, practices, and relations that constitute public life and modes of inquiry that promote citizenship.. (study of politics, power and government)
political science
is the scientific study of the mind and behavior (study of behavior and mental processes) .
psychology
are actively involved in studying and understanding mental processes, brain functions, and behavior.
Psychologists
is the study of human social relationships and institutions (study of social interactions)
sociology
subject matter is diverse, ranging from crime to religion, from the family to the state, from the divisions of race and social class to the shared beliefs of a common culture, and from social stability to radical change in whole societies.
Sociology’s
perspective of society is a structure with interrelated parts intended to meet the gradual and social needs of the people in the society.
The Structural-functionalist
He claimed that various parts must work together to keep society functioning.
Herbert Spencer (1820–1903)
is the social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.
Economics
is an activity oriented ideologically to the decision-making of a group to achieve certain objectives. It can also be defined as a way of exercise power with the intention of resolving or minimizing the clash between the conflicting interests that occur within a society.
Politics
The people’s state of inequality was influenced by class stratification, social immobility, and representation of the powerful elite.
Marxism
He believed that conflict and struggle between groups happen to attain wealth and power which was inevitable in a capitalist society.Also, conflict was the only way for the underprivileged to eventually gain some measure of equality.
Karl Marx
For Griffiths (2015), inequalities happen in every cultural classification. Therefore, cultural standards are an advantage to people with status and power. For example, even though cultural diversity is valued in most of the countries, some people and states prohibit interracial marriages, same-sex marriages, and polygamy.
Socio cultural
The bourgeoisie possesses and controls the means of production, which prompts misuse because of the benefit intention. In this course of action, the proletariat has just their work to sell, and don’t claim or control capital.
Economic
is a smaller scale level theory that focuses on the studied human interactions within a society or human communication through the exchange of language, symbols, and meaning.
Symbolic Interactionism
Wright Mills (1956) elaborated on some of Marx’s concepts, coining the phrase power elite to describe what he saw, as the small group of powerful people controls much of society.
Political
Symbolic interactionism is a sociological theory that examines communication pattern, interpretation, and adjustment among individuals relative to the meanings of symbols. This theory emphasizes an individual’s verbal and nonverbal responses, symbols, negotiated meaning, and its construct in society.
Socio-Cultural
One of the significant symbolic interactionism idea interrelated to work and economy is called as “career inheritance”. The meaning of this concept is that a child me have the same job as their parents. They may have shown a career path for his/her child to follow.
Economic
Symbolic interactionism relates to government emphases on images, symbols, or individuals that signify authority and power. The figures that embody the power and authority.
Political
is characterized as therapeutic techniques and set of psychological theories
Psychoanalysis
. He developed the methods of treatment and general theory of personality.
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
Structure of Personality
ID
Ego
Superego
includes entirely of the unconscious, underlying and primal urges present from birth which operates based on instinct and pleasure directed. It’s a pleasure principle.
id
Is the portion of the personality that deals with the demands of reality. It aids control and balance on the urges of the id and makes us act in ways that are both acceptable and realistic, instead of satisfying our desires.
Ego
Includes our values and ideals. The values that our parents taught us and the ideals that our society instilled in us are the guiding force of the superego and its effort to make us behave with accordance to our morals.
Superego
Techniques such as repression, reaction formation, sublimation, and the like, whereby the ego defends itself against the pain of anxiety.
DEFENSE MECHANISMS
DEFENSE MECHANISMS 7
Repression
Projection
Sublimation
Reaction Formation
Rationalization
Regression
Displacement
■ The unconscious act of keeping
threatening thoughts, feelings, or impulses out of consciousness.
Repression
■ People deny particular ideas, feelings
or impulses and project them onto others.
Projection
■ Expressing a socially unacceptable
impulse in a socially acceptable way.
Sublimation
■ When an unpleasant idea, feelings, or
impulse is turned into its opposite.
Reaction Formation
■ Giving logical reasons to justify
unacceptable behavior that is motivated by unconscious instinctual impulses.
Rationalization
■ The individual reverts to immature
behavior or to an earlier stage of psychosexual development.
Regression
■ The individual discharges tensions by
taking them out on a less threatening target.
Displacement
It is a narrative that records key points about how institutional arrangements, new ways of working have evolved over time and have created and contributed to more effective ways to achieve project and program goals.
Institutional History
Is an approach aligned to methods and approaches in political science that has significance in society, implied as the regulations, orders and systems. This may relate formal constraints like regulation, or informal constraints like practice, standard or label of behavior.
Institutionalism
what are the Social institutions
Family
Education
religon
Economics
Government
Mga pamantayan sa lipunan gaya ng batas, gawi at sistema na namamahala sa panlipunang kamalayan at kilos.
Institution (gobyerno)
Inilalahad ng teorya na ang bawat institusyon ay may ganap na epekto sa sosyal at kognitibong proseso.
Institution (Edukasyon)
Proseso ng paghubog ng bawat institusyon sa mga mamamayan
Isomorphic
Two types of Institution
Formal Institution
Informal Institution
Include the written constitution, laws, policies, rights and regulations enforced by official authorities.
Formal Institution
Are equally known but not laid down in writing and they tend to be more persistent than formal rules.
Informal Institution
- Nakaangkla ang teorya sa disiplina ng Ekonomiks.
- Bawat kilos at pag-uugali ay nag-uugat sa ating
pagpili o pagbuo ng desisyon.
- Tumutugon sa konsepto ng Cost- Benefit Analysis.
Rational Choice Theory
- Presyo o halaga ng salapi na maaaring mawala sa consumer.
- Pagkakataong itataya upang makuha ang inaasahang benepisyo.
COST
- Posibleng makuha o mawala sa pagtangkilik ng produkto o serbisyo.
- Pera, Desisyon, Sakripisyo at Kalidad.
BENEFIT
Nakalahad sa kanyang aklat na pinamagatang __________________ ang ng Karapatan at
kahalagahan
Kalayaan ng tao sa lipunan.
The Republic by Plato
Ang kawalan ng hustisya ay nagiging dahilan upang abusuhin ng tao ang kanyang kapwa at
ubusin ang pinagkukunang yaman limitadong
Plato
Binigyang pansin ang kahalagahan ng pamahalaan partikular ang absolute monarchy.
Thomas Hobbes
Binigyang pansin ang kahalagahan ng pamahalaan partikular ang absolute monarchy.
Thomas Hobbes
Nawawala ang moral at etikal na pamantayan ng tao tao. Hindi nabibigyang pansin ang tama at mali.
Nakatuon lamang sa personal nainteres kapangyarihan at kayamanan.
Mas binigyang pansin ang pagkakaroon ng katumbas o kapalit sa bawat desisyon.
Kritisismo sa Teorya
