PPG (3rd Grading) INC Flashcards
activity or process through which groups reach and enforce binding decisions.
Politics/(Hague & Harrop 2013)
set of activities that organizes individuals, systematically resolves disputes, and maintains order in society through creation and enforcement of rules and government policy.
Politics (Barrington et al. 2010)
activity through which human beings attempt to improve their lives and create the Good Society.
Politics (Aristotle in Heywood 2007)
Branches of the gorvernment
Executive Branch - Tagapamahala (carries out law)
Legislative branch - Tagagawa ng batas (Makes law)
Judicial Branch - Tagalitis (evaluates law)
Tagapamahala
Executive Branch
Tagagawa ng Batas
Legislative Branch
Tagalitis
Judicial
Politics is viewed as an art or
practical application of knowledge
for attaining a particular objective.
Considered as the classical
definition of politics: the art of
government or exercise of control
in society through making and
enforcement of collective or group
decisions.
Politics as the art of government
Where was the view “Politics as the art of
government” developed?
Ancient Greece
What does polis mean?
City-State
The distinction between public and private conforms to the division between the state and civil society. The institutions of the state (the government offices, departments and agencies) can be regarded as ‘public’ because they are responsible for the collective organization of community life. Moreover, they are
funded at the public’s expense through taxation. In contrast, civil society consists of institutions such as private businesses, trade unions, clubs, community groups and so on that are ‘private’ in the sense that they are set up and funded by individual citizens to
satisfy their own interests, rather than those of the larger society.
Politics as public affairs
politics focuses on the way how decisions are made. Politics is seen as a particular means of resolving conflict: that is, by compromise, conciliation and negotiation, rather than through the use of force and naked power. This is anchored on the perspective that society is characterized by consensus and not by irreconcilable conflict.
Politics as compromise and consensus
sees politics as something that is present in all
social activities, at every level of social interaction; it can be found within our families and amongst our small groups of friends just as much as amongst nations and on the international or global stage.
Politics as power
Types of Power
- Coercive Power
- Reward Power
- Legitimate Power
- Referent Power
- Expert Power
- Information Power
is a group of people who rule or run
the administration of a country.
Government
is the body of
representatives that governs and controls the state
at a given time.
Government
the medium through
which the power of the state is employed.
Government
is the act of governing or ruling.
It is the set of rules and laws framed by the
government that are to implemented through the
representatives of the state.
Governance
Indicators
of Good
Governance
(1) Participatory
(2) Rule of Law
(3) Effective and Efficient
(4) Transparent
(5) Responsive
(6) Equitable and Inclusive
(7) Consensus Oriented
(8) Accountability
Good governance necessarily requires
participation of the different sectors of society.
_________ means active involvement of all
concerned and interested sectors in the
decision-making process. It requires an enabling
environment.
Participatory
`requires that the people
give habitual obedience to the law. The government
acts within the limits of the powers and functions
prescribed by the law. Under this indicator, laws
should be responsive to the needs of the society.
Rule of Law
Good governance requires that the institutions,
processes, and actors deliver and meet the needs of
society in a way that available resources are used
well. Service delivery in public sector, especially of
front-line agencies, must promptly and adequately
serve the needs of the citizens instituting simplified
government procedures and inexpensive
transaction costs.
EFFECTIVENESS AND EFFICIENCY
people can access
information regarding decision making process and
the implementation of decisions. Information on
matters of public concern are made available to the
citizens or those who will be directly affected
Transparency
that institutions and
processes should serve all the stakeholders in
timely and appropriate way. Interests of all
citizens must be well protected in a prompt and
appropriate manner so that each of them can
appreciate and take part in the process of
governance.
Responsiveness
that all members
of society, especially the most vulnerable ones must
be taken into consideration. Everyone has a stake in
society; no one should feel alienated from it. Those
who have less in life should have more in law. Good
governance demands that the actors must give
preferential treatment to the conditions of the
poor.
Equity and inclusiveness
decisions are made after taking into consideration
the different perspectives. A procedure for conflict
resolution must be in place because it is possible
that conflict will arise from competing interests of
the actors.
consensus oriented
to answerability or
responsibility for one’s action, based on the
principle that each person or group is responsible
for their actions most especially when their acts
affect public interest. Actors have an obligation to
explain and be answerable for the consequences of
decisions and actions they have made on behalf of
the society it serves.
Accountability
is the ability to achieve a desired
outcome and is sometimes seen as
the ‘power to’ do something.
Power (Heywood [2007])
usually
thought of as a relationship: the
ability to influence the behaviour
of others or having ‘power over’
people and the ability to punish or
reward.
Power
