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Microbiology -Medical-Prof > Staphylococcus + Streptococcus > Flashcards

Staphylococcus + Streptococcus Flashcards

1
Q

cluster forming which one ?

A

staphylococcus

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2
Q

coagulase + ??/

A

s aureus

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3
Q

chain forming which one ?

A

streptococcus

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4
Q

Coagulase - ?

A

S epidermidis
\
s saprophyticus

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5
Q

novobiocin sensitivity test
sensitive which one ?

A

S epidermidis

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6
Q

N B test resistant ?

A

S saprophyticus

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7
Q

golden colour Staphylococcus which one ?

A

S aureus

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8
Q

S albus colour /

A

white

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9
Q

arrangement - why ? Grape like cluster ?

A

multiply in different planes

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10
Q

resistant to which drugs ?

A

beta lactamase drug
penicillin
cephalosporins

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11
Q

why drug resistant ?

A

Staphylococcus produce beta lactamase

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12
Q

Staphylococcus vs Steptococcus on the basis of bio-chemical test ?

A

Staphylococcus catalase +
they are not
staphylococcus coagulase +
they are not

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13
Q

toxins of staphylococcus?

A

enterotoxin
toxic shock syndrome toxin
exfoliatin / epidermolytic toxin
leukocidin
haemolysin

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14
Q

types of leukocidin ?

A

alpha toxin
panton - valentine leukocidin

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15
Q

virulence factors of staphylococcus??

A

invasiveness
cell wall components
-protein A
-teichoic acid s
-peptidoglycan
-polysaccharide capsule

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16
Q

toxin mediated disease by staphylococcus?

A

food poisoning
toxic shock syndrome
scalded skin syndrome

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17
Q

pyogenic disease by staphylococcus?

A

skin infections
abscesses
speticemia
surgical wound infection
impetigo
folliculitis
SSTI
bacterial conjunctivitis

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18
Q

staphylococcus food poisoning pathogenesis ?

A

149

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19
Q

TSS by staphylococcus kader hoy ?

A

tampon using menstruating women
wound infections
nasal packing

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20
Q

why Staphylococcus pus thick & creamy ?

A

less activity of staphylococcal DNAse
presence of coagulase

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21
Q

clinical features of SSS by staphylococcus? 151

A

fever
large bullae
erythematous macular rash
widespread desquamation
hair and nail lost

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22
Q

streptococcus pus thin ?

A

DNAse cause more liquefaction of pus
make the pus = thin & watery

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23
Q

why MRSA ??

A

altered Penicillin binding proteins

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24
Q

Tx of MRSA ?

A

vancomycin
daptomycin
gentamicin

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25
Q

NRSA ?

A

nafcillin resistant S a

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26
Q

VISA ?

A

Vancomycin intermediate S a

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27
Q

VRSA ?

A

Vancomycin resistant S a

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28
Q

MRSA ??

A

Methicillin resistant S a

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29
Q

how drug resistance of S a procudes ?

A

plasmid of S a
encode Beta lactamase - degrade penicillin + beta lactamase drugs

encode gene for transport protein

by L form formation

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30
Q

selective media of staphylococcus?

A

mannitol salt agar
chapmans agar

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31
Q

mannitol fermentation of S a ?

A

can ferment

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32
Q

Lab Dx of Staphylococcus?

A

155

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33
Q

type of nutrient agar media ?

A

solid + basic

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34
Q

sterilization of nutreint agar ?

A

autoclave

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35
Q

culkture of Staphylococcus?

A

blood agar
nutrient agar media

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36
Q

type of blood agar media ?

A

enriched
indicator
solid

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37
Q

why indicator Blood agar media ?

A

haemolytic properties of organism

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38
Q

why blood agar enriched >

A

presence of blood

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39
Q

componenets of bllod agar media ?

A

nutrient agar
blood

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40
Q

blood from whom ?

A

ox/sheep

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41
Q

sterilization of blood agar >

A

N agar - autoclave
blood is collected aseptically
added to the melted N agar at
45-50 with aseptic precaution

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42
Q

how chocolate agar media ?

A

bllod agar media —- 70-80 degree C

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43
Q

Basal media example ?

A

peptone water
N agar
N broth

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44
Q

how peptone water is prepared?

A

peptone 1 %
NaCl 0.5%

45
Q

how N agar is made >

A

N broth + 2.5% agar

46
Q

how N broth >

A

peptone water + meat extract

47
Q

why not human blood ?

A

human blood may contain some growth inhibitory substances - AB

48
Q

heated blood agar media name ?

A

chocolate agar media

49
Q

C agar media which Bacteria <>

A

pneumococcus
gonococcus
meningococcus
haemophilus

50
Q

what is the nutrient condition in C agar media ?

A

N are more available due to blood lysis

51
Q

type of C gar media ?

A

solid
enriched

52
Q

how blood is collected ?

A

jugular vein
venupuncture

53
Q

blood culture indication ?

A

2P SEO MB
PUO
pneumonia
septicemia
enteric fever
osteomyeliutis
meningitis
brucellosis

54
Q

which S is oppotunistic pathogen>

A

S epidermidis

55
Q

all Staphylococcus differentiate ??

56
Q

pus forming bacteria ?

A

S pyogens
S a
e coli
pseudomonas
enterococcus

57
Q

alpha hemolytic example ?

A

streptococcus viridans
s penumoniae

58
Q

beta hemolytic example ?

A

s pyogens
s agalactiae

59
Q

basis of lancefield classification of beta-hemolytic ?

A

C-carbohydate

60
Q

lancefield classification group ——

A

A——–U
(I +J nai )

61
Q

media used for bllod culture >

A

tryptic soya
diphasic tryptic soya medium
bile salt broth with or withour gention violet
thioglycolate broth

62
Q

what is Broth ??

A

broth refers to a liquid culture medium used in microbiology to grow and support the growth of microorganisms, such as bacteria

  • Examples of broth media include:Nutrient broth: A general-purpose medium for growing non-fastidious bacteria.Tryptic soy broth: A rich medium for cultivating a wide range of bacteria.Selective broths: Contain additives like salts or antibiotics to inhibit the growth of unwanted organisms while promoting the growth of target bacteria.
63
Q

honeymoon cystitis occured by ??

A

s saprophyticus

64
Q

group-A beta haemolytic streptocci type basis ?

65
Q

types of grpoip-A beta H streptococcus?

A

rheumatogenic
nephritogenic

66
Q

why streptococcus shape - chain ?

A

divide in single axis

67
Q

immunogenic disease caused by S >

A

rheumatic fever
AGN

68
Q

Toxigenic disease ?

A

scarlet fever
toxic shock syndrome
necrotizing fascitis

69
Q

flesh eating bacteria in which disease ?

A

necrotizing fascitis

70
Q

pyogenic disease by streptococcus?

A

sore throat
tonsilitis
phrayngitis ‘
sunusitis
meningitis
puerperal sepsis
endometritis
cellulitis
neonatal sepsis
endocarditis

71
Q

scarlet fever toungue appearance?

A

strawberry tongue

72
Q

streptococcus VS staphylococcus?

73
Q

colony size of streptococcus?

74
Q

colony size of staphylococcus?

75
Q

alpha hemolytic appearance?

A

green zone
incomplet/partial hemolysis

76
Q

beta hemolytic apperance ?

A

clear zone
complete hemolyysis

77
Q

rheumatic fever hypersensitivity type >?

78
Q

RF pathophysiology?

78
Q

myocardial sarcolema ??

A

cell membrane

79
Q

heart valve glycoprotein bind with ab againts which psrt of s ?

80
Q

cardiaL myosin ??

81
Q

AGN hypersensitivity type ?

82
Q

pathophysiology of AGN ?

83
Q

Microscopic view of S ?

A

blue cocci
red background

84
Q

lab dx >

85
Q

inc ASO titer in which D ?

86
Q

which M type cause AGN <

87
Q

WHICH M type cause RF <

A

not related

88
Q

why S aurues this name ?

A

aueus - aura theke nam
Gold er nam
dekhteo golden yellow

89
Q

incubation period of staphyloccoccal food poisoning >

90
Q

why staphylococcal antigen called superantigen while food poisoning ?

A

as they release IL-1 & 2 from macrophage & Th cell with in GIT a& initiate immune response

91
Q

which type of hemolysis in staphylococcus ?

A

Staphylococcus species, particularly Staphylococcus aureus, are known to produce hemolysins that cause beta-hemolysis on blood agar

92
Q

S saprophyticus disease <

A

UTI
honeymoon cystitis

93
Q

Nasal pack jara use kore tader ki advice dibo ?

A

frequently change korte hobe

94
Q

why nasal packing a change «>

A

toxic shock syndrome

95
Q

what is hemolysis ?

A

Hemolysis is the destruction of red blood cells, resulting in the release of hemoglobin.

96
Q

streptococcus agalactiae

A

Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus, GBS) causes neonatal infections (sepsis, meningitis) and adult infections (bacteremia, UTIs, soft tissue infections). It is a major pathogen in newborns and immunocompromised individuals.

97
Q

colony colour of staphylococcus?

A

The colony color of Staphylococcus species, particularly Staphylococcus aureus, is typically golden yellow due to the production of staphyloxanthin, a carotenoid pigment. Other Staphylococcus species, such as Staphylococcus epidermidis, usually form white or off-white colonies as they are non-pigmented.

98
Q

ar karo ki H cystitis hote pare ???

A

Certain individuals are more prone to developing honeymoon cystitis (UTIs related to sexual activity) due to anatomical, behavioral, or physiological factors. Here are the groups most at risk:

  1. Women
    • Why: Women have a shorter urethra, which makes it easier for bacteria to travel to the bladder.
    • Higher Risk Groups:
      • Newly Sexually Active Women: Increased sexual activity can introduce bacteria into the urinary tract.
      • Postmenopausal Women: Decreased estrogen levels can lead to changes in the urinary tract, making it more susceptible to infections.
      • Women Using Certain Contraceptives: Diaphragms or spermicides can increase the risk of UTIs.
  1. Individuals with a History of UTIs
    • Those who have had UTIs in the past are more likely to experience recurrent infections, including honeymoon cystitis.
  1. Individuals with Poor Hygiene Practices
    • Improper wiping techniques (e.g., wiping back to front) can introduce bacteria into the urethra.
    • Not urinating before or after sexual activity can also increase the risk.
  1. People with Anatomical Abnormalities
    • Structural issues in the urinary tract (e.g., kidney stones, urethral strictures) can make someone more prone to UTIs.
  1. Individuals with Weakened Immune Systems
    • Conditions like diabetes, HIV, or other immune-suppressing illnesses can increase susceptibility to infections.
  1. Sexually Active Individuals
    • Increased sexual activity, especially with new partners, can raise the risk of introducing bacteria into the urinary tract.
  1. Pregnant Women
    • Hormonal changes and pressure on the bladder during pregnancy can increase the risk of UTIs.

Prevention Tips for Those at Risk:
- Urinate before and after sexual activity.
- Stay hydrated to flush out bacteria.
- Practice good hygiene (wipe front to back).
- Avoid irritants like spermicides or harsh soaps in the genital area.

If someone is prone to recurrent UTIs, they should consult a healthcare provider for further evaluation and preventive strategies.

98
Q

honeymoon cystitis occur in whome ?

A

newly married women

99
Q

meaning of staphylo in staphylococcus ?

A

The term “staphylo-“ in “Staphylococcus” comes from the Greek word “staphylē,” meaning “bunch of grapes.” This refers to the characteristic arrangement of the bacterial cells when viewed under a microscope, where they appear in clusters resembling grapes. The suffix “-coccus” is derived from the Greek “kokkos,” meaning “berry,” which describes the spherical shape of the bacteria. Therefore, “Staphylococcus” literally means “grape-like berry,” reflecting the clustered, spherical shape of these bacteria.

100
Q

which bacteria shows hemolysis ?

A

strepto + staphylo

101
Q

colour shown by each hemolysis ??

A
  1. Alpha-hemolysis: Greenish or brownish discoloration around colonies due to partial breakdown of red blood cells.
  2. Beta-hemolysis: Clear, transparent zone around colonies caused by complete lysis of red blood cells.
  3. Gamma-hemolysis: No color change, as there is no hemolysis occurring.
102
Q

Group-D streptococcus?

A

enterococcus fecalis

103
Q

emon ekta streptococcus nam bolo jare streptococcus er moddhe dhora hoy na ?

A

enterococcus

104
Q

Enterococcus which D ?

105
Q

Toxins of streptococcus?

A

streptolysin-O
S-S
erythrogenic toxin
pyogenic exotoxin - A
exotoxin -B

162

106
Q

Staphylococcus food poisonig e prominent konta ?

A

vomiting

non-bloody D

Microbiology -Medical-Prof (49 decks)

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