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Microbiology -Medical > Mycobacterium > Flashcards

Mycobacterium Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Example of typical mycobacterium ??

T-BAL

A
  1. M Tuberculosis
  2. M Bovis
  3. M Africanum
  4. M Leprae

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2
Q

Atypical mycobacterium whose classification ???

A

Runyon classification

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3
Q

Runyun classification bacteria ??

A
  1. Photochromogens
  2. Scotochromogens
  3. Nonchromogens
  4. Rapid grower

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4
Q

Photochromogens who ??

A

Yellow orange pigment produce when exposed to light

260

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5
Q

Photochromogens example ???

A
  1. M Kansasii
  2. M marinum

m k 260

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6
Q

Scotochromogens who ??

A

Produce pigments only in the dark

260

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7
Q

Scotochoromogens example ??

A

M Scrofulaceum

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8
Q

Non chromogens example ??

A
  1. M Avium
  2. M intercellulare

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9
Q

Rapid grower mycobacterium ??

A
  1. M fortuitum
  2. M cholenei

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10
Q

M T Complex ??

A
  1. M Tuberculosis
  2. M Africanum
  3. M Bovis
  4. M Microti

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11
Q

Reason of acid fastness of Mycobacterium&raquo_space;>

A
  1. High lipid content
  2. Integrity of cell wall
  3. Integrity of cell

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11
Q

What is acid fast ???

A

Organism ability to retain the carbolfuchsin stain despite subsequent tx with Ethanol-HCl mixture

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12
Q

Acid fast bacteria Example M ??

A
  1. M TUBERCULOSIS
  2. M BOVIS
  3. M LEPRAE

T BL

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13
Q

Features of Mycobacterium ??

A
  1. Nor G+ Nor G-
  2. Intracellular multiplication
  3. Aerobic
  4. Obligate aerobe
  5. No spore

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14
Q

Acid fastness example ???

NGL R

A
  1. Nocardia
  2. Rhodococcus
  3. Gordonia
  4. Legionella micdadei
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15
Q

Non features of mycobacterium ?

A
  1. Non Spore
  2. Non Motile
  3. Non Capsulated

262

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16
Q

Selective media of M Tuberculosis ??

A
  1. Lowenstein Jensen media
  2. Broth media
  3. BACTEC Broth media
  4. Dubos media
  5. Tissue culture media

262

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17
Q

Why lowenstein jensen media selective ??

A

Antibiotics & Malachite green

262

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18
Q

Virulence factors of Mycobacterium T ??

A
  1. Cord factor
  2. Sulphatides
  3. LAM - Lipo arabino mannan
  4. Heat shock protein
  5. MYcosides
  6. Superoxidase dismutase
  7. Mycolic acid
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19
Q

Cord factor microscopic view ??

A

Serpentine cords in which acid fast bacilli are arranged in parallal line

263

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20
Q

Function of cord factor ??

A
  1. Inhibit migration of leukocyte
  2. Chronic granuloma
  3. Serve as a immunologic adjuvent

263

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21
Q

Primary tuberculosis healed by ??

A

Fibrosis

263

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22
Q

Primary tuberculosis progression ??

A
  1. Progressive lung disease
  2. Bacteremia
  3. Miliary TB
  4. Hematogenous dissemination

263

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23
Q

Which type of hypersensitivity ?

A

Delayed

263

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24
Q

Pathogenesis of TB in one line ??

A

Anti Mycobacterial Cell mediated immunity

263

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25
Q

M Tuberculosis organ pathway ??

A

Inhalation - Lower lobes of lung - Macrophage

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26
Q

Ghon focus formation ??

A

Bacilli present in the macrophage recruit epithelioid & langhans cells

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27
Q

Ghon complex composition ??

A

G Focus + Regional lymph node-Lymphadenitis

263

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27
Q

Ghon focus which necrosis ??

A

Caseous necrosis

263

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28
Q

Giant cells formation&raquo_space;??

A

CMI – APC – Present Macrophage – Th cell – IL-12 – Th1 — Granuloma + CN — IFN-Gamma — Macrophage activate – Epithelioid cell – Giant cells

263

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28
Q

Ghon focus features ??

A

Pale yellow caseous nodule

263

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29
Q

Ghon complex other name ??

A

Primary compleex of RANKE

263

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30
Q

10% outcome of Primary TB ??

A
  1. Miliary TB
  2. Intestinal TB
  3. T meningitis
  4. T plurisy

263

Progressive primary TB

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31
Q

90% Larent dormant TB fate ??

A
  1. 90% No Disease
  2. 10% Secondary TB

264

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32
Q

Secondary TB site ??

A

Apex of the upper lobes

264

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33
Q

Complication of secondary TB ??

A

Vertebral osteomyelitis Potts disease

264

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34
Q

Site of Primary TB ??

A
  1. Lungs
  2. Tonsil
  3. Skin
  4. Intestine

265

35
Q

Main findings of primary TB ??

A
  1. Cough
  2. Hemoptosis

265

36
Q

Extra pulmonary TB site ??

A
  1. Pleura
  2. Larynx
  3. Lymph nodes
  4. GIT
  5. Kidney
  6. Bone
  7. Joints
  8. Spine
  9. CNS

265

37
Q

80% case of Pulmonary TB ?

80% infectious

A
  1. Fever
  2. Fatigue
  3. Sweat
  4. Weight loss

265

38
Q

How M T cause damage without exotoxin or Endotoxin ??

A

Delayed hypersensitivity
Caseating granuloma + cavitation

265

39
Q

Tubercle definiton&raquo_space;??

A

Is a granuloma sourrounded by fibrous tissue — caseation necrosis

265

40
Q

Tubercles heal by ??

A
  1. Fibrosis
  2. Calcification

265

40
Q

Sputum (+) where ??

A

Secondary TB

266

41
Q

Primary TB more dangerous why ??

A
  1. No prevoius immunity
  2. Miliary TB - Dissemination
  3. Meningitis
  4. Other organ involvement

267

41
Q

Lesions produced by TB ??

A
  1. Exudative
  2. Granulomatous
41
Q

Granulomatous lesion in TB ??

A
  1. Central - Giant cell + Tubercle bacilli
  2. Surround by - Zone of epithelioid cells

267

42
Q

Culture of TB ?

A
  1. Lowenstein jenson
  2. Middle brook
  3. BDMGIT
    Becton Dickinson M Growth Indicator Tube

267

42
Q

Microscopy of TB ??

According to Sir lecture

267

A
  1. Light microscopy
  2. Fluroscence microscopy

267

43
Q

Latent infection Dx ??

A
  1. PPD test
  2. IGRA
43
Q

Rapid molecular diagnostic test ??

A
  1. True NAT
  2. Xpert
  3. MTB/XDR
  4. gene expert
  5. CBNAAT

267

43
Q

Other test of TB ??

A
  1. PCR
  2. Line probe aasay LPA
  3. In terferone Gamma Release Assay=IGRA
  4. Luciferase assaay
  5. Tuberculin / Mantaux test

267

43
Q

Tuberculin test /Mantoux test ??

A

Protein derivative - ID - Diameter of induration - (Thickening) - Erythema (Redding )

268

44
Q

Modern investigation ?

A
  1. GeneXpert MTB/RIF test
  2. Molecular probe- DNA probe to detect RNA sequence
  3. HPLC
  4. Urine test to detect Lipoarabinomannan

269

44
Q

PPD TEST procedures ??

A

Purified Protein Derivatives
0.1 ml 5TU ID

45
Q

PPD indicators ??

A
  1. 15 mm - No known risk
  2. 10 mm - with high risk
  3. 5 mm - Deficient CMI
    Close contact with a person having active TB

268

46
Q

MDR TB drugs name ??

A
  1. Isoniazid
  2. Rifampicin

273

47
Q

XDR TB drugs ??

A
  1. Isoniazid
  2. Rifampicin
  3. Fluroquinolone
  4. Kanamycin
  5. Amikacin
48
Q

AFB stains interpretation ??

A
  1. > 10AFB = Report +++
  2. (1-10) AFB/field = R ++
  3. (10-100) AFB/field=R+
  4. (1-9) AFB/100 f = R the exact number
49
Q

Biochemical test of TB ??

A

Produce Niacin

268

50
Q

Role of GeneXpert in Dx of Pulmonary TB ??

A
  1. Identify M T complex
  2. Detects genes that encode Rifampicin resistance

269

51
Q

False + in PPD ??

A

Skin test +
Patient has no TB

270

52
Q

False - TB in PPD ??

A

Pt has TB
Skin test is -

270

53
Q

Renal tuberculosis features ??

A
  1. Dysuria
  2. Hematuria
  3. Flank pain
  4. Sterile pyuria
54
Q

Mycobactrium laprae diseae name ??

A

Leprosy /
Hansens disease

275

55
Q

Infection time for Lepromatous leprosy ??

A

20 hours per week for atleast 3 months in a year

275

55
Q

Why antibiotic therapy for long time ??

A

Grows very slowly
slowest growing human bacterial pathogens - 14 days

275

56
Q

Lepromatous leprosy transmission ??

A

Prolonged duration + Close contact

275

57
Q

Target cells for M leprae ??

A

Skin & Nerve cells (Schwann cells )

275

58
Q

Nerve damage in leprosy pathogenesis ??

A
  1. Direct contact with the bacterium
  2. CMI attack on the nerves

275

59
Q

Which nerve damage in Leprosy ??

A

Ulnar

275

60
Q

2 Forms of leprosy «

A
  1. In tuberculoid leprosy
  2. In lepromatous leprosy

276

61
Q

CMI to the organism is poor ??

A

Lepromatous leprosy

276

62
Q

CMI strong ??

A

In tuberculoid leprsoy

276

62
Q

Foamy histiocytes seen&raquo_space;??

A

In L L

276

63
Q

Granuloma containing giant cells are seen ??

A

IN tuberculoid leprosy

276

64
Q

In LL multiple nodular skin lesions — face manifestation ??

A

Leonine /Lion like facies
Prominant brow

276

65
Q

Which on is more contagious ??

A

LL&raquo_space;»» TL

276

66
Q

LL complications ??

A
  1. Leoline facies
  2. Necrosis of bones & cartilage
  3. Testicular atrophjy

276

67
Q

Histopathology biopsy of LL ?

A

Foam cells - Lipid laden macrophages

68
Q

Complications of TL ?

A
  1. Corneal ulcer
  2. Claw hand
  3. Foot drop
  4. Loss of digits
  5. Trophic ulcers
  6. Peripheral neuropathy

276

69
Q

Histopathology biopsy result of TL ??

A

Typical granuloma

277

70
Q

Lepra / Virchow cells ??

A

Lipid laden macrophage / Foam cells in nLL

279

70
Q

LL serological test result / identification ??

A

IgM against Phenolic Glycolipid-1
but not in TL

276

70
Q

Staining method in Leprae ??

A

Ziehl neelson staining with 5% H2SO4

279

71
Q

Bacteria which cannot be cultureed in conventional culture media ??

A
  1. M Laprae
  2. Chlamydia
  3. Rickettsiae
  4. Treponema pallidum

CRTM

72
Q

Lepra reaction ??

A

Acute exacerbation of any form of leprosy

279

72
Q

Ziehl neelson staining result of M L ??

A

Bright red straight / curved rods arranged in parallel bundles/ Bundles of cigars

277

73
Q

Features of lepra reaction&raquo_space;

A
  1. Fever
  2. Raised ESR
  3. Erythema nodosum leprosum - Painful nodules neuritis uveitis

279

73
Q

Tx of leprosy ??

A
  1. Dapsone
  2. Rifampicine
  3. Clofazimine

279

74
Q

Lucio phenomenon ??

A

Multiple ulcer + Endarteritis in LL 279

75
Q

Grown where ??

A

Mouse footpad / in the armadillo
reservoir for human infection
ZoonOTIC D

275

Microbiology -Medical (29 decks)

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