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Microbiology -Medical-Prof > Immunity-PROF Question > Flashcards

Immunity-PROF Question Flashcards

1
Q

which graft rejection beshi ??

A

xenograft

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2
Q

why xenograft beshi rejected ?

A

HLA type mile na

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3
Q

SOMC te ki ki transplant hoy ?

A

cornea

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4
Q

HLA nam keno hoise <

A

first human e dekha jay

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4
Q

antigen defination ?

A

any substance that can be recognized
by the Ig receptor of B cell / by the T cell when complex with MHC

350

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5
Q

hypersensitivity 1 which Ig mediated ?

A

IgE

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5
Q

Cochelar transplant e ki transplant hoy ?

A

surgical implementation
a samll electronic device that directly stimulates the auditory nerve in the inner ear to produce a sense of sound

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6
Q

IgG er subtype koyta ?

A

4

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7
Q

IgA er subtype koyta ?

A

2

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8
Q

duration of type 1 H >

A

immediate

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9
Q

duration of Type4 H >

A

delayed

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10
Q

amra je oramenta pori- er theke scratch khaile kon hypersensitivity?

A

type=-1

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11
Q

ar ki ki type =1 H ?

A

375

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12
Q

which AB fix complement ?

A

IgG
IgM

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13
Q

complement fix krte pare na kon AB<

A

ig - A E

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13
Q

Type-2 H ?

A

388

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13
Q

is tuberculin test specific ?

A

no
low specificty

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13
Q

Directly complement fix kore ?

A

Ig–G M

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13
Q

immunodeficiency D kon age hoy >

A

old age

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14
Q

kon AB kon type er Hypersensitivity kore?

A

IgE = 1
IgG = 2 3

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14
Q

kon type4 hypersensitivity test amra commonly kori >

A

tuberculin test

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14
Q

why old age ?

A

regulatory T cell function weak
dec tolerance

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14
Q

primary & secondary immune response >

A

341

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15
Q

procedure of tuberculin test ?

A

5TU - tuberculin unit = 0.1 ml
intra-dermally on the flexor aspect of the forearm
observed 1 hr for - immediate hypersensitivity
2 hr por final reading

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15
Q

H - 1 2 3 ki mediated <

A

immune mediated
juts 4 = cell mediated

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16
Q

B cell origin <

A

stem cells of Bone amrrow

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16
Q

HELPER T cell type ?

A

Th1
Th2

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16
Q

type-4 h ki mediated ?

A

cell

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16
Q

body te B cell beshi naki T cell <

A

T cell
60-70%

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16
Q

maturation of B cell site <

A

bone marrow

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16
Q

origin of T cell <

A

bone marrow stem cells

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16
Q

maturation of T cell ,

A

thymus & GALT

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16
Q

which immunosuppressive in COVID >`

A

corticosteroids
IL-6 inhibitors - tocilizumab

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16
Q

Th1 fucntion ??

389

A

secreted IFN-gamma
delayed hypersensitivity
IFN gamma - activate macrophage

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17
Q

RF e kotodin por Ab-Atg produce hoy ?

A

2-3 weeks

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18
Q

RF e kar against a AB produce hoy ?

A

streptococcal Atg

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19
Q

Ki ki host tissue ache ,

A

heart valve glycoprotein
myocardial sarcolema
cardiac myosin
neuronal Ab in sub-thalamic and caudate nuclei

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20
Q

Rheumatic fever er primary infection ?

A

pharyngitis / sore throat by streptoccocus

168

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21
Q

RF type of hypersensitivity?

A

Type=2

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22
Q

Which AB in breast milk ,

A

IgA

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23
Q

Placenta cross kore kon AB <

A

IgG

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23
Q

anaphalaxis hole ki korba >

A

desensitization

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24
Q

IgE fucntion ,

A

immediate hypersensitivity
defend parasitic infections by casuing release of enzymes from eosinophils

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25
Q

desensitization ,

A

379

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26
Q

what is hapten ?

A

353

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26
Q

mediators of anaphylaxis?

A

378

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27
Q

which cells in anaphylaxis ,.

jhuma mam

A

378

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28
Q

Vaccine dile kon immunity ?

A

acquired
active artificial

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28
Q

type-4 H M/A ?

A

389

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29
Q

B cell fucntion ,

A

336

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30
Q

Which Ig is secretory?

A

IgA

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31
Q

immunoglobulins dile kon immunity <

A

passive

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32
Q

MHC & HLA ki same <

A

NO

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32
Q

MHC & HLA full form <

A

major histocompatibilty complex
human leukocyte antigen

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33
Q

differnce ki HLA & MHC ER <

A

MHC - Protein - cluster on gene
HLA - gene
HLA - MHC in human

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34
Q

MHC - 1 & 2 fucntion ,

A

372

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35
Q

RF in immunology must fro Jhuma mam >

A

168

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36
Q

antibody type <

A

GAMED

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37
Q

Sobceye beshi kon AB <

A

IgG - 75%

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38
Q

Ig kon dhoroner immnuty dey ?

A

PASSIVE

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38
Q

Molecular mimicry example .

A

GBS’
reitres syndrome
R heart d

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38
Q

kom AB konta ?

A

IgE
0.004%

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39
Q

first time AB dhukle kon complement /

A

Alternative

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40
Q

Complement prokash kori ki diye

A

C

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41
Q

Immunodeficiency disease ki <

A

Defects in one or more components of the immune system can lead to seriuous and often fatal disorders
that are ccollectivly known as –

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41
Q

immunologically previleged sites >

A

brain
eyes
testes
ovary

joint cartilage
immune response are limited

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41
Q

T cell type <

A

CD4+
CD8+

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42
Q

Complement kon type protein ,

A

Plasma

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43
Q

Importance of MHC ?

A

372

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43
Q

3 difference between sensitization and de-sensitization ?

A

Here are three key differences between sensitization and de-sensitization:

  1. Immune Response:
    • Sensitization: The immune system develops an increased sensitivity to an antigen, often leading to an allergic or hypersensitivity reaction upon subsequent exposure.
    • De-sensitization: The immune system is gradually exposed to an allergen in controlled doses to reduce or eliminate hypersensitivity reactions.
  2. Outcome:
    • Sensitization: Results in heightened immune reactivity (e.g., IgE production in allergies).
    • De-sensitization: Aims to induce immune tolerance, reducing or preventing allergic reactions.
  3. Clinical Application:
    • Sensitization: Often undesirable, as it underlies conditions like allergies, asthma, or transplant rejection.
    • De-sensitization: Used therapeutically to treat allergies (e.g., immunotherapy) or prevent reactions to medications (e.g., penicillin de-sensitization).
43
Q

MHC-1 vs 2 ?

44
Q

what is Minor-histo compatibility complex <

A

The minor histocompatibility complex refers to a group of antigens encoded by genes outside the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). These antigens can trigger an immune response during organ or tissue transplantation, even when the donor and recipient are MHC-matched. They are called “minor” because they elicit weaker immune responses compared to MHC antigens, but they can still contribute to graft rejection or graft-versus-host disease (GVHD).

45
Q

cytotoxic T cell receptor ,

46
Q

Immunology def >< Jhuma mam

47
Q

immunocompotent cell er name <

48
Q

APC example ?

48
Q

AB production M/A ?

A

345 whole figureee

49
Q

graft /

50
Q

ekta baccha congenital anomely niye jonmale ki valo kichu hobe ?>

50
Q

keno valo hobe na .

A

kichu din por por infection hobe

51
Q

kivabe eii baccha ke safe rakhba ? H

A

hygiene maintain
relatives niye beshi vir kora jabe na

51
Q

ICT te stool niye ki dekhbo ?

A

Atg blood e dekhbo AB

52
Q

a bacteria and virus that have both live and kille dvaccine ?

A

V Cholerae
Polio

52
Q

Why NK cells called so ?

A

338

they activate without prior exposure to the virus

not enhanced by exposure

not specific for any virus

kill without AB
no need of MHC

53
Q

HOW NK cell then kill virus <

A

perforins ‘granzymes

54
Q

Graft er age ki ki mesaure <

55
Q

fate of graft ?

A

acceptsnce

or rejection

56
Q

tumor immunity mechanism ,

57
Q

is blood transfusion is called transplantation ??

A

Blood transfusion is not called transplantation because it involves the transfer of only blood or blood components (e.g., RBCs, plasma) rather than solid organs or tissues. Transplantation typically refers to the grafting of organs, tissues, or cells (e.g., kidney, bone marrow) that integrate into the recipient’s body. Blood transfusions are temporary and do not involve long-term engraftment.

57
Q

test done before blood donation ?

A
  1. Donor Questionnaire
  2. Hemoglobin/Hematocrit Test
  3. Blood Typing (ABO and Rh)
  4. Infectious Disease Screening (e.g., HIV, Hepatitis B/C, Syphilis)
  5. Blood Pressure Check
  6. Pulse Rate Check
  7. Temperature Check
58
Q

cross matching e blood na mille shei blood dile ki hobe >??

A
  1. Acute Hemolytic Reaction
  2. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
  3. Renal Failure
  4. Hypotension and Shock
  5. Jaundice
  6. Anaphylactic Reaction
  7. Death
59
Q

cause of hyperacute graft rejection ?

A

Hyperacute rejection is characterized by thrombotic occlusion of the graft vasculature that begins within minutes to hours after host blood vessels are anastomose to graft vessles and mediated by pre-existing AB and the host circualtion

60
Q

which Ig in primary response >

61
Q

Which AB in secondary response?

62
Q

Cell mediated immunity component ?

A

innate
=NK cell
=macrophage

adaptive
=Th
=Tcyt

63
Q

humoral immunity component >

A

innate
=neutrophil
=complement

adaptive
=B cell
=plasma cell

328

64
Q

desensitization type >

A

acute
chronic

65
Q

acute desensitization kivabe <

A

very small amout of Atg at 15 minutes intervels

66
Q

cchronic desensitization?

A

long term administration weekly

67
Q

IgA destroy kore emon baccteeria er criteria ki ?

A

capsulated

68
Q

emon bacteria er example deo&raquo_space;

A

Some capsulated bacteria that can produce IgA proteases (enzymes that destroy IgA) include:

  1. Streptococcus pneumoniae
  2. Haemophilus influenzae
  3. Neisseria meningitidis
  4. Neisseria gonorrhoeae

These bacteria use IgA proteases to evade mucosal immune defenses.

69
Q

site of secretory IgA ?

A

Secretory IgA (sIgA) is primarily found at mucosal surfaces, including:

  1. Gastrointestinal tract
  2. Respiratory tract
  3. Genitourinary tract
  4. Saliva
  5. Tears
  6. Breast milk

It plays a key role in mucosal immunity by preventing pathogen attachment and invasion.

70
Q

Splenectomy pt e jeno capsulated bacteria disease korte na pre tar jonno ki korbo ?

A

vaccination

71
Q

site of destruction of capsulated bacetia >?

72
Q

why fetus as an allograft
not rejected ?

A

trophoblast layer

73
Q

Thymic educationn ?/

74
Q

hybridoma ki ?

A

b cell + myeloma
fusion derived immortalized
AB producing cell

75
Q

which monoclonal AB in rheumatoid arthirits >

A

infliximab
adalimunab
rituximab
certolizumab

76
Q

which AB has no AB-like function ?

76
Q

Kon AB er molecular weight beshi ?

76
Q

why IgG can pass placenta ? i

A

its Fc portion can bind with placental membrane

77
Q

then what is the fucntion of IgD ><

78
Q

monoclonal Ab ki >

79
Q

PENTAMAR konta <

80
Q

monomar ke M

81
Q

B cell maturation ??

A

335
stemcell — pre B cell —- B cell immature – mature – activated – plasma cell

82
Q

Th 1 2 fucntion ,

83
Q

MAC ki kore <

A

cell lysis

84
Q

ultimate product of complement >

85
Q

helper T cell fucntion ?
valo kore bolte hobe

86
Q

T cell release cytokine <

A

IL-2
TNF
IFN- gamma

87
Q

Agglutination VS precipitation ..

88
Q

IgM form >

A

monomaric
pentamaric

89
Q

First which AB is produced in body ,

90
Q

what is prozone phenomenon ?

A

inhibition of agglutination by excess AB

91
Q

How to overcome prozone phenomenon ?

A

AB dilution kore

92
Q

Latent TB er shomoy ki korbo ?

93
Q

which type is Th17 cell <

A

CD4+ helper cell

94
Q

source of complement ?

A

liver
macrrophage
fibroblast

365

95
Q

Function of IgM ?

A

primary response
fix compliment

96
Q

Type-1 2 3 hypersensitivyt ki mediated ,

97
Q

normally complement kemon thake >

A

plasma te inactiavte thake

98
Q

vaccine dile kivabe AB produce hoy ?

99
Q

CMI te participate kore na ke?>
B /T ??

100
Q

T cell VS B cell ,

101
Q

epitope spreading ki /

102
Q

active passive example /

103
Q

3 ta complement pathway kokhon ek jaygay asbe .

A

C5 produce er shomoy

104
Q

which one is central complement >,

105
Q

activator of complement >

106
Q

immunodeficeincy te complement deficiency hole ki hobe ?

A

C3b – jhuma mam
pyogenic bacterial infection

107
Q

why name B cell <

A

they first discovered in birds
where maturation occur in bursa of Fabricus , a lympho-epithelial organ in birds

108
Q

T cell why this name <

A

mature and develop in the thymus gland

109
Q

widal test type ?

A

serological

110
Q

atopy example <

A

urticaria
allergic rhinits
bronchial asthma
angioedema
eczema

111
Q

SOMC te kon kon transplantation ?

A

cochlear
liver
kidney
cornea
heart
cartilage

112
Q

why IgE IN type- 1 ?

113
Q

paralysis type in GBS >

114
Q

polio vs GBS <

A

Paralysis pattern
polio - asymmetrical
GBS - symmetrical + ascending

115
Q

GBS kivabe hoy /

A

Compylobacter diye

116
Q

main fucntion of AB ,

A

recognize and bind to foreign sundtances

117
Q

antigen er MW kom hole problem ki <

A

weak immunogenic

118
Q

which immunity exercise korle bare <

119
Q

MW of antigen >

A

> 10K dalton

120
Q

systemic immune complex disease in Type-3

A

AB-Atg complex deposition in circulation

121
Q

localized type of type-3 H ,

A

glomerulonephritis
arthirits

122
Q

Type-3 hypersensitivity type ?

A

systemic
localized

123
Q

what is CD <

A

Cluster differentiation

124
Q

acute infection which AB <>

125
Q

CHronic infection which AB <

126
Q

PHYSIOLOGIC sequlae of immunodeficeincy disease <

A

general malnutrition
energy metabolism
trace metal deficiency
vitamin deficeincy

127
Q

which monoclonal AB in cancer <

A

bevacizumab
cetuximab
panitumumab

128
Q

ICT kit ki type type /

129
Q

principle of ICT /

A

rapid strip based immunoassay
qualitiative

130
Q

CFT example

A

kala azar
gonococcus
filatiaisi

131
Q

slide agglutination >

A

serotyping of bacteria
blood grouping

132
Q

latex <

A

HBsAg detection
ASO titer

133
Q

tube <

A

widal test
weil felix test

134
Q

IF /

A

detect T B cell

135
Q

secondarybB ce;ll

A

hypogmmaglobulnemia
dec sy theiss of IgG

136
Q

primary T cell deficiency ,

A

thymic aplasia
hyper-IgM syndrome
chronic mucocutanueous candiditis

137
Q

primary B cell deficeincy >

A

Ig deficiency
X linked Brutons hypogammaglobulinemia

138
Q

Secondary T cell

A

AIDS ‘
HIV
measles

3.38PM
13-2-2025

Microbiology -Medical-Prof (49 decks)

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